1. Dr. Walter Hays Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction
M7.2 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES VAN PROVINCE IN EASTERN TURKEY 1:41 PM (6:41 AM EDT), OCTOBER 23, 2011
More Supercourse lectures on Earthquakes -
Dr. Walter Hays Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction

2. PRELIMINARY REPORTS: THE DEPTH OF THE EARTHQUAKE WAS 20 KM (12 MI), RELATIVELY SHALLOW, AND, THEREFORE, MORE DESTRUCTIVE

3. PRELIMINARY REPORTS: 25 COLLAPSED APARTMENT BUILDINGS, STUDENT DORMOTORIES, AND BUILDINGS WITH TRAPPED SURVIVORS MANY DEAD URGENT NEED FOR MEDICS

4. COLLAPSED BUILDINGS: TABALANI

5. DISASTERS FACED BY TURKEY
FLOODS
GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE
EARTHQUAKES
DEVELOP PARTNERSHIPS FOR ACTIONS HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR TURKEY AND THE REGION
TSUNAMIS
LANDSLIDES
DROUGHTS
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

6. EXAMPLE: The Kocaeli, Turkey Earthquake of August 17, 1999

7. THE KOCALEI, TURKEY EARTHQUAKE
M 7.4
3:02 am
Over 1,300 aftershocks
AUGUST 17, 1999

8. THE KOCALEI, TURKEY EARTHQUAKE
Deaths: 18,000
Injured: 44,000
AUGUST 17, 1999

9. THE KOCALEI EARTHQUAKE SHOWED THAT TURKEY’S LARGE INVENTORY OF EXISTING SOFT-STOREY BUILDINGS IS VULNERABLE TO GROUND SHAKING.

10. INFORMATION SOURCES
Reports prepared independently and jointly by Turkish, American, and British Institutions, including: EERI, ASCE, USGS, Imperial College, and others.

11. PLATE INTERACTION AND THE NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
OCCURRENCE
PLATE INTERACTION AND THE NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE

12. TECTONICS
Earthquakes on the North Anatolian fault are caused by the northwards movement of the Arabian plate towards the Eurasian plate, squeezing the small Turkish micro-plate westwards in the process..

14. NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT
The North Anatolian fault is the most eminent tectonic feature of the region and one of the best known strike slip faults in the world.
It is a 1,500-km- long, seismically active, right lateral strike-slip fault system extending from the Karliova triple junction in eastern Turkey to mainland Greece.

15. NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT

16. PHYSICAL EFFECTS SURFACE FAULT RUPTURE

18. PHYSICAL EFFECTS GROUND SHAKING
Soft-storey building are especially vulnerable to ground shaking.

19. THE TYPICAL SOFT-STOREY BUILDING IN TURKEY

20. A HUGE BUILDING INVENTORY IS AT RISK TO GROUND SHAKING
Hundreds of thousands of soft-storey buildings having the same height and construction materials exist throughout Turkey.

24. SOCIETAL IMPACTS BUILDINGS
Loss of function because of damage and collapse from ground shaking can paralyze a community.

25. WHAT HAPPENED IN THE KOCALEI, TURKEY EARTHQUAKE
300,000 buildings damaged or collapsed
40,000 buildings housing business enterprise were damaged or collapsed

43. PHYSICAL EFFECTS GROUND FAILURE
Many buildings and lifeline systems in Turkey are susceptible to landslides, liquefaction, and lateral spreads

52. SOCIETAL IMPACTS LIFELINES
Loss of function because of damage from ground failure and/or ground shaking can paralyze a community

59. PHYSICAL EFFECTS FLOODING
Loss of function as a result of flooding can paralyze a community

63. THE PROBLEM: BUILDING INVENTORY AT RISK TO GROUND SHAKING
Hundreds of thousands of soft-storey buildings having the same height and construction materials exist throughout Turkey.

64. THE SOLUTION: DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
Because of the large inventory of soft -storey buildings still at risk in Turkey, top priority was assigned to the development of vulnerability reduction techniques that could be applied quickly to strengthen existing structures.

65. DISASTER RESILIENCE FOR NEW BUILDINGS
Scale models and the shake table can be used to simulate response of typical buildings in Turkey in order to improve the building codes used during reconstruction.

68. ISTANBUL IS AN URGENT FUTURE CONCERN
The soft-storey buildings in Istanbul will be tested because the current seismicity is migrating over time towards Istanbul.