1. North vs South The Two Sides
The Civil War ( )
North vs South
The Two Sides

2. Chapter Time Line

3. Chapter Time Line

4. Section 1-Polling Question
What do you think might have been the greatest advantage for the Confederates during the Civil War?
A. They were fighting on their own land.
B. They had excellent military leaders.
C. They had a stronger fighting spirit.
D. The South had a large coastline that would take time to capture. A B C D

5. What were the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South?
Essential Question
What were the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South?
What were the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South?

6. A Divided Nation Comparing Northern and Southern Societies
The South had about nine million people, including about three million slaves.
The average Southerner was not as wealthy as the average person living in the North.
Reliance on slave labor discouraged the creation of new jobs in the South.
This discouraged immigration, and most immigrants settled in the North. However, Britain and France had friendly relations with the Confederacy and considered aiding the South.
Population was three times larger
Was recognized as the government in America
Was more affluent and had more money
About 90 percent of American industry and railroads were in the North.

7. Comparing the North and South
Both sides had advantages
North had a larger population and better resources
South had excellent military leaders
South had a strong fighting spirit
The war was fought in the South, so the Confederacy knew the land and had the will to defend it

8. The Leaders
Jefferson Davis was President of the Confederate States of America. During the Mexican War, he had been an officer in the United States Army. Davis also had served as the United States Secretary of War. When the South surrendered, he was charged with treason and prohibited from running for public office again.
Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth President of the United States. He opposed the expansion of slavery. A Republican, Lincoln led the Union during the Civil War. John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865.

9. The Generals Ulysses S. Grant Robert E. Lee William T. Sherman
Thomas Jackson
George Meade
James Longstreet
George B. McClellan
James E.B. Stuart
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10. Strategies Anaconda Plan King Cotton
Union General Winfield Scott suggested the Anaconda Plan to halt Southern trade. The plan would impose a blockade. This would eventually enable the North to control the Mississippi River. Meanwhile, the army would divide and isolate sections of the South and capture its vital cities and the capital in Richmond, Virginia. Under General Ulysses S. Grant, the North’s strategy kept pressure on General Robert E. Lee’s army and constantly weakened their numbers. The larger population of the North made this possible.
King Cotton
The Confederacy adopted a defensive strategy and attempted to secure alliances with more powerful countries such as Britain and France. To do that, the South needed to show it could win the war. As a result, the Confederate army attacked Union territory to draw Union troops away from the South and to impress potential allies. As the war continued, the Southern strategy became one of evading the Union army, prolonging the war, and inflicting casualties to demoralize the North.

11. Union Strategies
The North’s plan came from General Winfield Scott and had 3 parts
1. The Union should blockade Southern ports (keep them from getting supplies or exporting cotton)
2. The Anaconda Plan- Gain control of the entire Mississippi River (Split the Confederacy in two)
3. Capture Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital

12. Confederate Strategies
The South supplied England and France with cotton
The South expected them to help them by putting pressure on the North to end the war
The South’s basic strategy was to have a defensive war
Just hold on to as much territory as possible
Then the Northerners would get tired of the war
The only exception was that they planned to attack Washington, D.C.

13. Weapons of the Civil War
canister shot
artillery projectile
rifled barrel
officer’s sword
Springfield rifle, (Union)
Although the Union used many types of rifles, this was the most common.
British Enfield rifle, (Confederacy)
Although the Confederacy used many types of rifles, this was the most common.
minié ball
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14. Uniforms
At the beginning of the Civil War, states provided uniforms to soldiers; and the uniforms were in a variety of colors. This led to massive confusion on the battlefield, and often soldiers fired on their own men. As the war continued, both sides chose a single color for their uniforms. The United States of America chose blue, and the Confederate States of America chose gray.

15. The War at Sea
The Battle of the Ironclads also is known as the Battle of Hampton Roads and the Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimack. This battle was fought off Sewell’s Point near Hampton Roads, Virginia. It was the first naval battle between two ironclad ships, the Union’s USS Monitor and the Confederacy’s CSS Virginia, which was rebuilt from the USS Merrimack.
The battle took place over two days, and the Virginia destroyed many of the Union’s wooden ships. The next day, the two ironclads clashed at sea, and the Virginia was damaged. Neither side claimed victory in this battle, but the battle revealed the future of naval warfare. Ironclad, steam-driven ships were at a decisive advantage against wooden sailing vessels.
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16. The Border States
The border states- Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri
Choosing sides for the border states was difficult
Slavery was legal in all 4 states
All 4 had ties to the North and South
These states were vital to the Union because of their strategic locations (Mississippi and Ohio Rivers)
Maryland was probably the most important border state (Close to Richmond, Washington D.C. was in the state)
Abraham Lincoln worked to keep the border states in the Union

17. War Aims The South’s goal was to be an independent nation
The Confederacy needed only to fight hard enough and long enough to convince Northerners that the war was not worth the cost
In contrast, the Northern goal was to restore the Union
The Union had to invade the South and to force the breakaway states to give up their quest for sovereignty
Although slavery was part of the problem, President Lincoln’s original aim was not to defeat slavery
Lincoln said “If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it”

18. Section 1
Why did the South develop a defensive strategy for the Civil War?
A. They counted on support from Britain and France.
B. They had much less land than the North.
C. They believed the North would tire of the war.
D. They wanted to hold off violence as long as possible. A B C D

19. Americans Against Americans
The Civil War put brother against brother
Kentucky Senator John Crittenden had two sons who became generals
One for the Union and one for the Confederacy
President Lincoln’s wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, had relatives in the Confederate army
Many people signed up for both sides- some motivated by patriotism and loyalty to their causes
Others would be called cowards if they didn’t serve
Others wanted excitement

20. Soldiers Many recruits were barely adults 10s of 1000s were under 18
Some as young as 14 (ran away and lied about their age)
Early on, African Americans were not allowed to fight
Northern leaders worried that white troops would not accept African American soldiers
Later in the war, the policy changed

21. False Hopes
At the start of the war, both thought it would be a short war
The North figured the South couldn’t hold on for long
The South felt that their fighting spirit would stop the North
Both sides were wrong
The war lasted longer than each side thought

22. Who Were the Soldiers? Soldiers came from every region
More than 50% of the Northern soldiers and 60% of Southern soldiers owned or worked on farms
The Northern soldiers signed up for a short amount of service time (90 days)
Summer of Confederate (Rebels) army had 112,000 soldiers
Union (Yankees) army had 187,000
By the end of the war, the Confederates had 900,000 soldiers and the Union had 2.1 million soldiers
The Union had 200,000 African American soldiers and 10,000 Latino soldiers

23. The Life of a Soldier The North and South faced new challenges
Many soldiers wrote about their boredom, discomfort, sickness, fear, and horror
The soldiers lived in camps
The soldiers sang songs, told stories, wrote letters home, and played baseball
Most of the time was dull- routine of drills, bad food, marches, and rain
Sometimes, soldiers from opposite sides took a break and had coffee together and talked, then…
Went back to shooting at each other

24. The Reality of War Both sides suffered terrible losses
New rifles used during the Civil War fired with greater accuracy than in earlier wars
Medical facilities were crowded with 1000s of casualties
After the Battle of Shiloh, the wounded waited in the rain for 24 hours waiting for treatment
Faced with these horrors, many men deserted
1 out of every 11 Union soldiers and 1 out of every 8 Confederate soldiers deserted
They deserted because of fear, hunger, and sickness

25. Section 1
Why were African Americans not allowed to fight in the Union Army in the war’s early years?
A. Because of laws forbidding African Americans to be armed
B. Because of fear that they would not be accepted by white troops.
C. Because of fear of a rebellion
D. Because of a belief that they were not effective warriors A B C D

26. What were the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South?
Essential Question
What were the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South?
NORTH- Strengths- larger population; more railroads, farms, exports, manufactured goods
NORTH-Weaknesses- War would be fought in unfamiliar territory
SOUTH-Strengths- excellent military leaders, strong fighting spirit, knowledge of the territory
SOUTH- Weaknesses- smaller population; fewer resources and industry
What were the strengths and weaknesses of the North and the South?

27. Quiz

28. Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri were bitterly divided between supporting the Union or the Confederacy.
True
False

29. Maryland was a very important border state.
True
False

30. An efficient railway network was one of the South's strengths.
True
False

31. For the South, the primary aim of the war was to preserve slavery.
True
False

32. For the North, the primary goal was to preserve the Union.
True
False

33. Perhaps the most important border state was
Kentucky.
Delaware.
Missouri.
Maryland.

34. The South expected support from Britain and France because the war disrupted their supply of
sugar.
cotton.
rice.
wheat.

35. For the South, the primary aim of the war was to win recognition
for having good soldiers.
as slaveholders.
as an independent nation.
as a wealthy area.

36. What was one of the main advantages of the South?
a small population of free men
excellent military leaders
its belief in states' rights
its industrial base

37. Most soldiers, both Confederate and Union, came from
farms.
the East Coast.
slums.
cities.