1. Ch.23, Roosevelt and The New Deal Sec. 1, Roosevelt Takes Office
Standard:AH2.H Analyze multiple perceptions of the “American Dream” in times of prosperity and crisis since Reconstruction (e.g., Great Depression, Dust Bowl, New Deal, oil crisis, savings and loan crisis, dot.com bubble, mortgage foreclosure crisis, etc.).

2. Roosevelt's Rise to Power
Country was in deep depression
Republicans nominate Hoover, Democrats nominate Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)
“I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American People.”
His policies for ending the Depression became “The New Deal.”

3. FDR's Background Distant Cousin of Theodore Roosevelt
Born to wealthy family
Went to Harvard and Columbia Law School
Charming personality, deep voice, very persuasive
Married Eleanor Roosevelt

4. Early Political Career
After law school, went straight to politics
1910, won seat in NY state senate
Earned Reputation:
Progressive leader willing to take down party bosses
Nominated for VP, but lost. Withdrew from Politics

5. Tragedy for FDR The next year, he began to feel numbness in his legs
He had the paralyzing disease Polio
No cure, but he won't give up!
Began to exercise, put steel braces on legs
Relied on Eleanor to keep his political career alive

6. Active Again! Mid 1920's active again! Ran for governor and got it
Cut taxes for farmers, worked to reduce the rates of public utilities
Very Popular
Saw him as energy and optimism in a tough economic time

7. Inaugurated Economy was in shambles
Many feared that the amount of value for dollars would decrease
Inauguration speech:
“The only thing we have to fear, is fear itself!”

8. Sec. 2, The First New Deal

9. The Hundred Days Begins
Roosevelt and his “Brain Trust” had many ideas
In the first 100 days, Congress passed 15 bills in order to recover from Depression
These programs would later be called “The New Deal.”

10. The Beginnings Picked advisers from many different backgrounds
Agriculture, business, gov, law, social work
Wanted different perspectives
One thing was sure: He HAD to restore confidence in the banking system

11. Restoring Order in Banking
First night in office, wanted an emergency banking bill
Next day, declared a bank holiday
Called Congress to Special Session
38 minutes until H.O.R. Passed Banking Relief Act
Required federal examiners to survey nation's banks, issue licenses to financially sound banks

12. The First of Many Addressed the people during a “Fire-Side Chat”
Direct talks to people letting them know his plans
The day after the speech, people began to put money back into banks
The Crisis had somewhat stopped

13. It's Time to Regulate!
Many urged him to regulate stock market and banks
Following year, Congress created The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
regulate stock market and prevent fraud
Also, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
to ensure bank deposits of certain amounts

14. Sec.3 The Second New Deal

15. The Second New Deal Begins
First New Deal- effective for 2 years, yet economy had improved only slightly
2 mill jobs created
10 million still unemployed
Deficit Spending Began
Surprised at the failure of the first new deal, he launched a second new deal.

16. The Second New Deal The WPA Works Progress Administration
$11 billion spent
8.5 mill workers constructed highways, roads, and streets.
“Federal Number One”
Musicians, artists hired

17. The Supreme Court's Role
1935
Congress struck down Schechter v. United States
Selling sick chickens. “Sick Chicken Case.”
Struck down NIRA

18. The National Labor Relations Act
Congress passed NLRA or the Wagner Act
Guaranteed workers right to organize unions
Wagner Act – stimulated burst of labor activity:
Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) formed
Focused on steel and auto workers (big industries)
Sit Down Strikes- General Motors in Ohio

20. The Social Security Act
ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PIECES OF LEGISLATION IN AMERICAN HISTORY
Goal: to provide security for elderly and unemployed workers
Monthly retirement benefit: age 65
Left out most needy: farmers and domestic workers. A.A. Fell into these categories

21. Sec. 4, The New Deal Coalition

22. First Big Mistake Roosevelt wanted more Supreme Court Justices
Wrote a bill to add more than 9
“Court-packing”
Thought Roosevelt was interfering with Supreme Court Decisions
Hurt his reputation

23. Economic Recession 1937, unemployment surged!
Roosevelt wanted to balance budget
Cut spending
Social Security- 2 bill out of economy
2 mill- thrown out of work
Asked Congress for $3.75 billion other programs

24. Government's New Role Created Safety Net for Americans
Protection against economic disasters!
Americans maintained confidence in government

25. Sec.4 Research Activity: Poverty 1930's v. Today
% of families in US had annual incomes of less than 1,000. The poverty line was 1,330.
Research poverty annual rates today. What is the most recent number? What percentage of Americans are below this number today?
Question: What changes made in the 1930's may help us deal with poverty today?

26. Needs to be at least 4 sentences.
Quick Write: Sec.3
Students, pretend that you are a General Motors worker during the Sit Down Strikes.
Write a letter to your local newspaper describing the strike and explaining your actions during it.
Needs to be at least 4 sentences.