1. Skin Problems – infections, allergies, or damages
Warning: Graphic Pictures
Integument System
Skin Problems –
infections, allergies, or damages

2. 1. Athlete’s Foot
– mostly from fungal infection

3. 2. Boils & Carbuncles
Bacterial infection & inflammation of hair follicle.
Boil = 1
Carbuncle = several connected boils

4. 3. Black & Whiteheads
Blackheads - oil and dead skin cells trapped in a oil pore, makeup
Whiteheads - flesh-or white-colored bumps due to skin pore blockage; blockage is deeper than blackhead (covered w/epithelium)

5. 4. Cold Sores Caused by Herpes simplex virus I
Common, contagious, incurable

6. 5. Contact Dermatitis Inflammatory response – red, itchy rash
Non-contagious
Chronic – long term, reoccuring
Caused by contact with allergens or irritants, exposure to sunlight, or by poor circulation, even stress.

7. 6. Impetigo Crusting skin infection Caused by staph and strep germs
Pus filled blisters
Highly contagious

8. 7. Psoriasis Chronic – arms, knees, elbows, scalp
Red patches covered with white scales
Unknown cause; some think autoimmune disorder
Triggered by trauma, infection, stress

9. 8. Cyanosis Blue skin, membranes, and/or nails
Due to reduced oxygen in blood

10. 9. Burns
Tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals
Associated dangers
- Dehydration
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Circulatory shock

11. Rules of Nines Way to determine the extent of burns
Body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimate
Each area represents ~ 9%

13. Burns are CRITICAL if… Over 25% of body has 2nd degree
Over 25% of body has 2nd degree
Over 10% has 3rd degree
3rd degree burns on face, hands, and/or feet
Electrical
Contact Burn
Heat Burn
Scald Burn
Sunburn
Inhale Burn
Chemical

14. 10. Skin Cancer Abnormal cell mass Two types 1. Benign
-does not spread (encapsulated)
2. Malignant
-Metastasized (moves) to other parts of body
Skin cancer is most common type of cancer.

15. 3 types of Malignant Skin Cancer
A. Basal cell carcinoma
- least malignant
- Most common
Arises from stratum basale
B. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
-arises from stratum spinosum
Metastasizes to lymph nodes
Early removal allows a good chance of cure

16. C. Malignant Melanoma
Most deadly
Cancer of melanocytes
Metastasizes rapidly to lymph & blood vessels
Detection uses ABCD rule.

17. ABCD Rule A = Asymmetry B = Border irregularity C = Color D = Diameter
Two sides of pigmented mole do not match
B = Border irregularity
Borders of mole are not smooth
C = Color
Different colors in pigmented area
D = Diameter
Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter

19. Pigmentation Disorders

20. Albinism
Genetic recessive

21. Hyperpigmentation
too much sun
drug reactions
poor nutrition

22. Vitilgo autoimmune disorder
linked hyperthyroidism & Addison's Disease, which affects the adrenal gland.

23. Lichen simplex chronicus
psychological syndrome
compulsive need to scratch
dark, leathery skin
scarring & infection

24. Lamellar ichthyosis (fish scale disease)
Genetic?

25. Melasma
Pregnancy mask
Lupus (autoimmune)

26. Normal Discolorations
Moles - collection of melanocytes
Freckles – some cells make more melanin than others; uneven suntan.
Lentigines - Age spots, sun spots, liver spots - harmless, flat, brown discolorations on the hands, neck & face 40+ yrs; too much sun
Birthmarks – pigmented areas or dilated blood vessels