1. Internal Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation
by Randolph A. S. Cooper, William M. Smith, and Raymond E. Ideker
Circulation
Volume 96(8):
October 21, 1997
Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Defibrillation electrode locations.
Defibrillation electrode locations. A, Right anterior oblique (RAO) fluoroscopic view of defibrillation electrode locations. B, Left anterior oblique (LAO) fluoroscopic view of defibrillation electrode locations.
Randolph A. S. Cooper et al. Circulation. 1997;96:
Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. Defibrillation waveform.
Defibrillation waveform. Biphasic waveforms for single current pathway, single current sequential pathways, and dual current pathway configurations for parts 1 and 2. For single current pathway configurations, a biphasic waveform with first phase 3 ms long and second phase 1 ms long was delivered through first current pathway. Single current pathway biphasic waveform emulated a single-capacitor discharge in that trailing-edge voltage of phase 1 (V1T) was equal to leading-edge voltage of phase 2 (V2L). For single current sequential and dual current pathway configurations, a biphasic waveform with first phase 3 ms long and second phase 1 ms long was delivered through first current pathway, and a second biphasic waveform with first phase 3 ms long and the second phase 1 ms long was delivered through same current pathway as first shock for single current sequential configurations and through a second current pathway for dual current pathway configurations. Single current sequential and dual current pathway configurations emulated a single-capacitor discharge in that V1T was equal to V2L, trailing-edge voltage of phase 2 (V2T) was equal to leading-edge voltage of phase 3 (V3L), and trailing-edge voltage of phase 3 (V3T) was equal to leading-edge voltage of phase 4 (V4L). Time separation between each phase of biphasic waveforms and between two biphasic waveforms was < 0.2 ms.
Randolph A. S. Cooper et al. Circulation. 1997;96:
Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

4. A 50% probability of successful defibrillation total energy.
A 50% probability of successful defibrillation total energy. Mean, median, and 5th, 25th, 75th, and 95th percentile values for 50% successful total energies for each electrode configuration for part 1. Configuration number (abscissa) corresponds to configuration number in Table 1. Dual current pathway RAap to DCS, then CSos to PA configuration had significantly lower defibrillation energy requirements than all other configurations tested by paired t test analysis (*P<.05). Same dual current pathway configuration had significantly lower defibrillation energy requirements (†P<.05) than all other configurations tested except for RAap to DCS, then RV to PA configuration (‡) by Student-Newman-Keuls test.
Randolph A. S. Cooper et al. Circulation. 1997;96:
Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

5. 50% probability of successful defibrillation total energy.
50% probability of successful defibrillation total energy. Mean, median, and 5th, 25th, 75th, and 95th percentile values for 50% successful total energies for each electrode configuration for part 2. Configuration number (abscissa) corresponds to configuration number in Table 2. Dual current pathway RAap to DCS, then CSos to PA configuration had significantly lower defibrillation energy requirements (*P<.05) than all other configurations tested by Student-Newman-Keuls test.
Randolph A. S. Cooper et al. Circulation. 1997;96:
Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.