1. 3.4 Cycles of Matter
Ecology

2. POINT > Contrast energy flow with matter cycling
POINT > Identify mechanisms of cycling
POINT > Describe the water cycle
POINT > Describe the carbon cycle
POINT > Describe the nitrogen cycle
POINT > Describe the phosphorous cycle

3. POINT > Contrast energy flow with matter cycling
Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed.
Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc.
Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

4. POINT > Contrast energy flow with matter cycling
Energy moves in a one-way flow in ecosystems
Captured by producers
Passed along trophic levels
Lost to environment as heat

5. POINT > Contrast energy flow with matter cycling
Matter is recycled within & between ecosystems
Passed along trophic levels
Among parts of the biosphere
Matter is not created or destroyed, only transformed

6. POINT > Contrast energy flow with matter cycling
Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed.
Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc.
Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

7. WB CHECK:
What is cycled through ecosystems, energy or matter?
What flows one way through ecosystems?

8. POINT > Identify mechanisms of cycling
4 Cycling mechanisms:
1. Biological: eating, breathing, waste, etc
2. Geological: movement of rock, volcanic activity, etc
3. Chemical & Physical: precipitation, lightning, etc
4. Human Activities: burning fossil fuels, farming, etc

9. WB CHECK:
Give an example of a biological cycling mechanism.
An earthquake would represent which type of cycling mechanism?
Give an example of a physical or chemical cycling mechanism.
Exhaust from a car engine would represent which type of cycling mechanism?

10. POINT > Identify mechanisms of cycling
Ecosystems have continuous movement of materials between organisms and the environment Matter is constantly transferred between biotic and abiotic components
Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed.
Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc.
Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

11. POINT > Describe the water cycle
Water Cycle: Evaporation, precipitation and transpiration
Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed.
Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc.
Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

12. POINT > Describe the water cycle
Water Cycle: Transpiration Plants take water in through roots  water moves through plant  evaporation of water from leaves
Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed.
Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc.
Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

13. WB CHECK:
What is a biological mechanism in the water cycle?
What is a physical/chemical mechanism in the water cycle?

14. POINT > Contrast energy flow with matter cycling
Nutrient Cycles Organisms require nutrients to build tissues and carry out life functions We depend on other organisms to incorporate (fix) nutrients into biotic systems from the environment
Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed.
Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc.
Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

15. POINT > Describe the carbon cycle
Carbon Cycle Carbon is the central atom for all the macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins CO2 is the carbon form commonly exchanged between parts of the biosphere
Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed.
Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc.
Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

16. POINT > Describe the carbon cycle
Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed.
Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc.
Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

17. WB CHECK:
What is a human activity that is part of the carbon cycle?
What is a geological activity that is part of the carbon cycle?
What “form” of carbon is most commonly cycled in the environment?

18. POINT > Describe the nitrogen cycle
Nitrogen: Necessary for amino acids and nucleic acids. Lots in the atmosphere, but unavailable as N2
Nitrogen Fixation: Nitrogen gas (N2) is converted into ammonia (NH3) by bacteria which plants then use
All other organisms get nitrogen through eating plants
Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed.
Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc.
Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

19. POINT > Describe the nitrogen cycle
Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed.
Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc.
Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

20. WB CHECK:
What is a human activity that is part of the nitrogen cycle?
What organisms biologically fix nitrogen into a form plants and animals can use?

21. POINT > Describe the nitrogen cycle
Nitrogen in fertilizers (Haber process) has become a large ecological issue- leads to eutrophication of lakes and streams
Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed.
Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc.
Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

22. POINT > Describe the phosphorous cycle
Phosphorus Cycle P is necessary for nucleic acids Present on land and in water in small amounts where plants absorb and use it Also an ecological problem with fertilizer runoff
Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed.
Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc.
Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.

23. POINT > Describe the phosphorous cycle
Review the prefixes “bio” and “a.” Review “habitat” if needed.
Examples of biotic factors: moose, shrubs, humans, dogs, flowers etc.
Examples of abiotic factors: water, soil, rocks, air, etc.
Phosphorus Cycle

24. POINT > Describe the phosphorous cycle
Nutrient availability limits ecosystem production
If light and water are available, organism growth is usually limited by the availability of nitrogen and phosphorous
In soil, a variety of nutrients are limited
(usually added as fertilizer)
In water, nitrogen or phosphorus are usually limiting

25. Homework: Read pages Answer #1-4 page 86 Nitrogen Cycle: Workbook pages Chapter 3 Review Pages ALL