1. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994.
Sentence
A sentence is a group of words expressing a complete thought.
Kinneavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

2. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994.
Subject and Predicate
A sentence consists of two parts: the subject and the predicate.
The subject of the sentence is the noun or pronoun that tells who or what the sentence is about.
The predicate is that part which says something about the subject. The predicate is the verb in the sentence. You may refer to the predicate as the verb.
Kinneavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

3. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994.
Simple Subject
The simple subject is the main word or group of words that tells who or what the sentence is about.
Ex. The Memorial Coliseum (in Los Angeles) was filled (to capacity).
Kinneavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

4. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994.
Simple Predicate
The simple predicate is a verb or verb phrase that tells something about the subject.
Ex. Faculty and students planned a new class schedule.
Kinneavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

5. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994.
Compound Subject
A compound subject consists of two or more subjects that are joined by a conjunction and have the same verb.
The usual connecting words are and and or.
Ex. The White House and the Pentagon called a new press conference.
Kinneavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

6. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994.
Compound Verb
A compound verb consists of two or more verbs that are joined by a conjunction and have the same subject.
Ex. Mary McLeod Bethune established schools and worked (on government committees).
Kinneavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

7. How to Find the Subject of a Sentence
1. Eliminate prepositional phrases.
2. Find the verb in the sentences and underline it twice.
Label the verb AV or LV.
Ask the question “who or what …?” to find the subject
Determine what comes after the verb.
Kinneavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

8. Rules to Remember about Finding the Subject:
In sentences expressing a command or request, the subject is always you, even though the word you may not appear in the sentence.
Ex. (You) Run some errands (for me.)
Kinneavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

9. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994.
Subject Rules:
The subject of a sentence is never in a prepositional phrase.
Ex. Neither (of the rivals) survived the duel.
Kinneavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

10. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Prepositions
About at but (concerning)
Above before by
Across behind concerning
After below down
Against beneath during
Along beside except
Amid besides for
Among between from
Around beyond in
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

11. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
More Prepositions
into since until
like through unto
of throughout up
off to upon
on toward with
over under within
past underneath without
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

12. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994.
Subject Rules:
There and here are not usually the subjects of a verb.
Look for the subject after the verb.
There and here are either adverbs or expletives.
Ex. Here is the book.
Kinneavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

13. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994.
Subject Rules:
To find the subject in a question, turn the question into a statement form.
Ex. What drawer did you put the box of pencils in?
Statement: You did put the box (of pencils) (in what drawer).
Kinneavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

14. Seven Sentence Patterns:
1. S + V
2. S + V + DO
3. S + V + IO + O
4. S + V + DO + OC (noun or adjective)
This is considered to be two different patterns.
5. S + LV + PN
6. S + LV +PA

15. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994.
Subject Complements
A subject complement is a word or word group that completes the meaning of a linking verb and identifies or modifies the subject.
There are two types of complements:
1. Predicate nominative or noun
2. Predicate adjective
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

16. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994
Linking Verbs
am appear grow seem taste is become look smell turn are feel remain sound was stay were be been being
Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

17. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994.
Predicate Noun
A predicate noun is a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames the subject PN
Ex. Robert Hayden is my favorite poet.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

18. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994.
Predicate Adjective
A predicate adjective is an adjective that follows a linking verb and modifies the subject of the verb. PA
Ex. Freedom is precious.
Kinneavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

19. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994.
Complements
A complement is a word or word group that completes the meaning of a predicate.
Complements may be nouns, pronouns, or adjectives.
Kinneavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

20. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994.
Direct Object
A direct object is a noun or pronoun that follows an action verb and answers the question whom or what after the verb.
A direct object tells whom or what after an action verb.
Ex. The cat followed Karen and me home.
Kinneavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

21. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994.
Indirect Object
An indirect object is a noun or a pronoun that comes between an action verb and a direct object.
It tells to whom or to what (or for whom or for what) the action of the verb is done.
Ex. The Swedish Academy awarded Octavio Paz the 1990 Nobel Prize (in literature).
Kinneavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

22. Objective Complements
An objective complement is a noun, pronoun, or adjective that comes after a direct object and renames or describes the direct object.
These are never found in prepositional phrases.
Kinneavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt

23. Objective Complements
Only a few action verbs take an objective complement. These verbs are consider, make, and any verbs that can be replaced by consider or make, such as
Appoint Elect Name
Call Find Paint
Choose Paint
Render
Kinneavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998.
Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt