1. Bell Ringer 9/23
The major objection that British colonists in North America had to English rule was that they were
1)denied the right to arm themselves for defense
2)denied the rights of citizens who lived in England
3)forced to settle wilderness areas
4)forced to farm crops ordered by England

2. Articles of Confederation
Adopted 1777 by the Continental Congress, approved 1781
Most political power in hands of the individual states, afraid of powerful central government.
Each state created their own individual Constitutions.

3. Articles of Confederation
Weaknesses of the
Articles of Confederation
Congress could not enact and collect TAXES
Congress could not regulate interstate or foreign TRADE
Regardless of population, each state had 1 VOTE
Two-thirds majority (9 out of 13 states had to agree to pass a law)
Articles could be amended only if ALL 13 states approved
There was NO EXECUTIVE branch to enforce the laws of Congress
There was NO JUDICIAL branch (judges/court system) to settle legal disputes
There were 13 separate states that lacked NATIONAL UNITY, League of Friendship

4. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Greatest Accomplishment
Western Land Claims
Admission of States
Land Ordinance of 1785
Congress appoint territorial governors and judges
5,000 voting residents = settlers could write a temporary constitution and elect their own govt.
60,000 total residents = write a formal constitution. When that was approved by Congress, could become a state!
Confederation Congress now had to settle the LAND question. The land ordinance of 1785 established a plan for surveying lands.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Established procedure for dividing land into territories. Also, set rules for admission of new states.
Greatest Accomplishment
The two land ordinances were the greatest achievement of the Articles of Confederation.

5. Bell Ringer 9/24
The writings of Locke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu are significant in US history because they
(1) opposed the use of slave labor in the Americas
(2) supported the absolute right of the king to impose taxes
(3) encouraged the formation of political parties and political machines
(4) influenced the authors of the Declaration
of Independence and the Constitution

7. Shays Rebellion
Daniel Shay starts a rebellion in 1786 in Mass to protest tax.
Rebellion put down by militia because their was no standing army to send.
Proved that National government was weak and needed to be strengthened.

8. 1787 - Convention in Philadelphia to decide the fate of the Republic.
This convention, later named Constitution Convention, creates the Constitution of the United States.
James Madison leading figure at Convention and will be known as “father of Constitution”.

9. 3/5ths Compromise
Debate between Northern and Southern states on whether slaves counted in the state population count.
Compromise stated that 3 out of 5 slaves counted towards the states population.
Southern states wanted slaves to count so they would have larger representation in the House.
Separation of Powers
- Checks and balances on one another, no branch of government can become too powerful.

10. Bell Ringer 9/25
One accomplishment of the national government under the Articles of Confederation was the passage of legislation establishing
(1) a central banking system
(2) a process for admitting new states to the Union
(3) the president’s right to put down rebellions
(4) the ability of Congress to tax the states effectively