1. Policy Translation and implementation
Chair: Alphonsine
Rapporteau: Lynn

2. Air pollution and health
Are the existing policies and regulations adequate?
Use of international guidelines and conventions
Rwanda: not so adequate
Kenya: Kenya Bureau of Standards-has come up with laws, there is air quality standards
Many vehicles in Nairobi
No consistent ways to monitor air pollution
Lot of adaptation

3. Lack of adequate research to inform policy
Have a national climate change strategy
There is a lot of borrowing adopting results and frameworks
Strong labor laws and organizations
Uganda:
No set up of air quality standards but UNDP has taken on an initiative to monitor air quality and thru the track green gas initiative
Staff are being trained

4. What are the pathways from research to action?
Need for local evidence to inform policy
Most policy have gaps due to lack of research. Usually gaps are filled along the way
Need for communication training for science
Reason for gaps in communication: scientists are not good in communication. They need to communication
Need evidence
Laws made by politicians and the issues of pollution are not that visible to them
In Uganda, there is an opportunity for political champions to take an advantage
the ban of plastic bags

5. In RW environment is under several authorities
What are the challenges for implementation?
In RW environment is under several authorities
RW Envir. Authority, RW metrology agency, research institutions
Awareness is a problem
Financial and Human resources
Any big opposing forces
E.g. URA vs Nema. E.g. old Vehicles importation vs revenue.
BAT and other powerful org
Enforcement issues
Policies available but implementation is still a challenge
Need communication training for scientists may be some module in the university
In the US some funding was obtained to fund this

6. How can the challenges be overcome?
Use of pol champions should be taken advantage of
Need to involve political leaders to have matters taken forward
e.g. President Obama (climate change is a PH issue)
Closes collaboration and coordination of government agencies
We need to train human resources
Enforcement:
We need incentives for enforcements for compliance
Tax for old cars is higher

7. Strategic plans for capacity building
Enforcement
Need equipment to analyze samples
Equipment
The monitoring of air pollution monitoring is not consistent in Nairobi
Coordination of efforts across agencies
RW: has developed CC observatory and are doing research. This is under min of education
UG, KE & RW: have CC mainstreaming guidelines, have CC TWGS
KE: NEMA, MOH there are committee which to followup
Overcoming obstacles to policy implementation

8. Policy Translation and implementation II Additional issues
Climate change and health
National/regional efforts
Vulnerabilities
Existing and adaptation programs
Assess adaptation and mitigation benefits
Occupational safety and health
Dealing with issues to do with emerging industries
Instruments exist but not followed/implemented
People falling off buildings in ET
Pesticides use very high ET
The tuktuk killing pple in ET
KE: Juwakali work is not regulated /metal work/pit latrines

9. Summary according to ToR
To conduct in depth discussions on the next steps in establishing activities for the full hub
To identify areas of focus and ways of implementing them 

10. Use of intl guidelines is strong but implementation is weak
Policies exist but are
not informed by local data and
not implemented or enforced
Use of intl guidelines is strong but implementation is weak
Pathways from research to action
need for local evidence but also
need for communications training for scientists to inform policy makers (inspired by env scientists in US) – ie messaging on climate change as a public health
Lack of political champion

11. Challenges:
financial – both the lack of resources and conflicting financial interests (ie: vehicles and taxation brings in money to govt but then the health ‘cost’ is so much more)
awareness
coordination between groups
conflicts of interest between agencies and groups
lack of penalties – enforcement and lack of strong incentives (in Uganda some incentives exist but they aren’t strong enough to be an incentive)
lack of training