1. The Periodic
Table of Elements

2. An introduction…….
The element song

3. Periodic Table- A table which organizes chemical elements

4. Families/Groups- The vertical columns in periodic table
Families/Groups- The vertical columns in periodic table. Each member shares similar chemical properties.
Periods- The horizontal row in the periodic table. Each member contains the same number of electron clouds.
Arranged in order of increasing atomic number

5. Families or Groups
Periods

6. Light metals Heavy Metals Nonmetals Inert Gases
Example: Magnesium
Heavy Metals
Example: Iron
Nonmetals
Example: Carbon
Inert Gases
Example: Helium

7. Light Metals Inert gases Heavy Metals Nonmetals

8. (A substance consisting of a single atom)
An Element
(A substance consisting of a single atom)
The periodic table consists of many elements.

9. Atom – Smallest particle of an element
Nucleus – Central region of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons of an atom. Holds the most weight but is very small in size.
Proton – A subatomic particle located in the nucleus with a positive charge.

10. Neutron – A subatomic particle located in the nucleus with a neutral charge.
Electron – A subatomic particle that spins around an atom’s nucleus in orbits called shells with a negative charge.
Electron cloud – Region of negative charge surrounding an atomic nucleus that is associated with an atomic orbital.

11. Atom electron Proton Neutron

12. Atom
Neutrons
Protons
Electrons
Nucleus
Electron clouds

13. Found on the periodic table
Chemical Symbol - Abbreviation given to the names of the element
Atomic number - number of protons contained in an atom. Used to name/identify an atom
Atomic weight – Average weight of the protons and neutrons of an atom 8 O
Found on the periodic table
Oxygen 16

14. Atomic Number = Atomic Weight = Protons = number of protons
number of protons + number of neutrons
Protons =
Number of electrons
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15. Atomic weight (or mass) =
How can we determine the number of neutrons of a particular element from the information given on the periodic table?
Atomic weight (or mass) =
number of protons +
number of neutrons

16. K 19 Atomic Weight = number of protons + number of neutrons 39.0938
neutrons
Potassium
There cannot be of a neutron, so this number is rounded to 20 neutrons.

17. Potassium 20
neutrons
19 protons
19 electrons

18. Atoms can lose or gain electrons, if they do, they are called IONS
Loses electrons = positively charged ion
Gaines electrons = negatively charged ion
WHY?
Electrons are negatively charged.

19. Chemical Bonds- force holding two atoms or ions together
Ionic bonds- force of attraction between oppositely charged ions. One atom gives their electrons and the other takes them which gives them a full outer energy level
Covalent bonds- results from atoms sharing their electrons
molecule- a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds