1. Research Methods I Chapter 5 – Correlational Research: Surveys
Zechmeister, J. S., Zechmeister, E. B., & Shaughnessy, J. J. (2001). Essentials of research methods in psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.

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5. Surveys -> Correlational Research
Description: Describe people’s opinions, feelings, and preferences
Prediction: Predict what people are going to do.
Correlational Research
Assess relationships among naturally occurring variables
Surveys amass the data which is then used to find what the relationship s are in the “naturally occurring variable.”

6. Surveys
Surveys amass the data which is then used to find what the relationships are in the “naturally occurring variables.”

7. Correlational Research
Researchers use correlational research to assess relationships among naturally occurring variables and to make predictions.
Surveys amass the data which is then used to find what the relationship s are in the “naturally occurring variable.

8. Correlational Coefficient
The size of a correlation indicates the strength of the predictive relationship. ±0.80 is considered a strong correlation
-1.0 & +1.0 are perfect correlations
+1.0 Positive Correlation
-1.0 Negative Correlation
The students who studied 5 hours got 100 correct on the test – positive correlation
The students who got more sleep drank less coffee – negative correlation

9. Introduction Size – strength -1.0 - +1.0 : perfect correlation
Correlation Coefficient
Size – strength
: perfect correlation
Sign : direction
Scatterplot
Margin of Error

10. Measures in Correlational Research
Value of research depends on the quality of measurements
Questionnaires
Demographic variables
Preferences/Attitudes
Self-Report Scales

11. Measures in Correlational Research
Reliability – consistency
Test-retest
Internal consistency
Reliability Coefficient
Survey research represents a more general approach to psychological research called correlational research

12. Measures in Correlational Research
Validity
Does it measure what says it does?
Construct validity
Convergent validity
Discriminant validity
p. 122, Table 5.4 of our text

13. Obtaining a Sample Samples are Used to Describe Populations Population
Representativeness
Biased Sample
Selection Bias
Response Bias

14. Obtaining a Sample Nonprobability sampling Probability sampling
Convenience sampling
Probability sampling
Simple random sampling
Stratified random sampling

15. Survey Research Designs
Cross-sectional design
Successive independent samples design
Longitudinal design

16. Thinking Critically About Correlational Research
Reactivity:
Social Desirability