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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Essential questions: What are the functions of blood? What are some disorders of the blood? How are blood disorders treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the blood? What are the functions of the circulatory system? What are some disorders of the circulatory system? How are disorders of the circulatory system treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the circulatory system? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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What are the functions of blood?
Nutrition Respiratory Excretory Regulatory Protective 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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What are the functions of blood?
Transportation What does the blood transport? Oxygen Why is this an important function? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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What are the functions of blood?
Regulation How does the blood regulate heat? Blood moves toward superficial vessels in the extremities Also helps regulate pH Normal pH = 7.35 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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What are the functions of blood?
Protection What function of the blood serve to protect the body? Clotting (what blood cell?) Fight disease (what blood cell?) 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Functions of the blood components
Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Plasma What is the role of plasma in circulation? Liquid portion of blood Made up of mostly water Transports materials throughout the body Plasma Cellular elements 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Erythrocytes What are the functions of erythrocytes? hemo= blood globin= protein What is the function of hemoglobin? Transport o2/co2 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Rh factor What is hemolytic anemia? How is it treated?
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Hemolytic Anemia Hemolysis Breakdown of red blood cells (alone = good) Breakdown of RBCs faster than they can be replaced Treatment Blood transfusions, medications, bone marrow transplants, lifestyle changes 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Leukocytes What is the function of leukocytes? Immune system Compare leukocytes to erythrocytes. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Leukocytes Agranulocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Leukocytes Granulocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Inflammation What is inflammation? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Inflammation 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Thrombocytes What is the composition of thrombocytes? Fragments of cells What is their function? clotting 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Thrombocytes 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Blood types What are the types of blood? Where do they come from?
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Blood types Compare blood types. (antigen/antibodies) A B AB O Who can receive type O blood? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Rh factor What is erythroblastosis fetalis? What are its symptoms?
How can it be treated? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Blood Disorders Anemia Review the symptoms of anemia. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Blood disorders What is the difference between an embolism and a thrombus? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Blood disorders Explain the difference between a hematoma
and a contusion. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Hematoma vs. Contusion Hema = blood, oma = tumor Solid swelling of clotted blood within tissue Contusion Rupture of capillaries Aka ‘bruise’ 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Blood disorders What is hemophilia? How do you get it? -clotting disorder -genetic 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Blood disorders Leukemia What is leukemia?
-malignant, progressive disease -bone marrow produces increased # of immature or abnormal leukocytes How is leukemia treated? Chemotherapy, possible stem cell transplant 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Blood disorders Multiple myeloma Cancer s/s: bone pain, nausea, constipation, loss of appetite, confusion, fatigue, wt loss, abn growths (tumors) How is it treated? -chemo, radiation, stem cell transplant 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Blood disorders Polycythemia -abnormally high number of blood cells Treatment: removal of blood, low dose aspirin Plasma Cellular elements 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Blood disorders Septicemia What causes septicemia
and how it is treated? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Blood disorders Septicemia Infection of the bloodstream (aka blood poisoning) Cause: infection of another structure which spreads to the bloodstream Treatment: Antibiotics, IV fluids 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Blood disorders Sickle cell anemia What is sickle cell anemia? Disorder of the blood characterized by abnormally shaped erythrocytes 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Blood disorders Sickle cell anemia s/s: dizziness, fatigue, low oxygen to the body, inflammation of the hands/feet, SOB, jaundice How is it treated -medications, blood transfusions, rare cases bone marrow transplant 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
What are the functions of the heart? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Functions of the heart Did you know? At rest, 2 ounces of blood is circulated with each heart beat. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Functions of the heart It’s a PUMP
What do pumps do? How does this relate to heart function? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Hear the beat! What makes the lubb dupp sound?
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Blood Pressure FYI What is the normal range of
Blood pressure is the surge of blood when heart pumps creates pressure against the walls of the arteries SYSTOLIC PRESSURE Measured during the contraction phase DIASTOLIC PRESSURE Measured when the ventricles are relaxed What is the normal range of blood pressure for an adult? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Functions of the heart It’s a PUMP
What makes the pump work? It’s electric! Explain the electrical activity of the heart. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Discuss the function of the heart’s conduction system.
It’s electric! Discuss the function of the heart’s conduction system. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Electrocardiogram EKG or ECG SYSTOLE = contraction phase DIASTOLE = relaxation phase Baseline of an EKG is a flat line: P = Atrial contraction QRS = Ventricular contraction T = Ventricular relaxation 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Functions of the heart It’s a PUMP
What makes the pump work? It’s electric! 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Functions of the heart Transportation
What does the heart transport? What is involved in the transportation process? How is this a circulatory system function? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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The transportation process Discuss systemic circulation
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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The transportation process
Right side Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right Ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange Left Side Pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta Body (Schematic of systemic circulation) 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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The transportation process
Discuss cardiopulmonary circulation Compare Systemic Circulation To Cardiopulmonary Circulation 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Vessels of the circulatory system
ARTERIES What are the functions of arteries? What are the characteristics of arteries? Which direction do arteries flow? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Vessels of the circulatory system
Arteries Describe arterial blood. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Vessels of the circulatory system
VEINS What is the function of veins? What are the characteristics of veins? Which direction do veins flow? Compare arterial and venous blood. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Vessels of the circulatory system
Veins 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Vessels of the circulatory system
Identify the major arteries. Identify the major veins. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Vessels of the circulatory system
Capillaries What is the function of capillaries? What happens if this action is obstructed? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Remember Pulse Sites? Where do they come from? Radial Temporal Brachial Ulnar Facial Carotid Popliteal Femoral tibialis dorsalis pedis 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Identify the pulse sites...
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Aneurysm Excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening in the artery wall Most common in arteries at base of the brain Can rupture-hemorrhagic stroke Risk factors Hypertension, smoking, age, arteriosclerosis, drug abuse, head injury, 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Aneurysm 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Aneurysm Diagnosed through MRI, CT, or cerebral angiogram Requires surgery to treat 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Angina pectoris Chest pain Indicator of coronary artery disease s/s: chest, arm, or neck pain, nausea, fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, sweating 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Angina Pectoris Caused by block of blood flow to the heart Diagnosis: EKG, stress test, coronary angiogram, chest x-ray Treatment: Lifestyle changes, surgery, medication 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Arrhythmia Is any change from normal heart rate or rhythm BRADYCARDIA Slow heart rate (<60 beats per minute) TACHYCARDIA Rapid heart rate (>100 beats per minute) What is the normal range for pulse? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Arteriosclerosis: thickening/hardening of artery walls 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Arteriosclerosis Causes: hypertension, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes s/s: usually won’t notice symptoms until artery is blocked Diagnosis: blood test, stress test, EKG, ultrasound Treatment: medication, possibly surgery 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Atherosclerosis Blockage of artery due to fatty deposits s/s, dx. tx same as arteriosclerosis What is the difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Coronary artery disease Damage/disease to coronary artery (blood supply to heart muscle) 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Coronary artery disease s/s: chest pain, shortness of breath, heart attack diagnosis: EKG, stress test Treatment: lifestyle changes, medication, surgery 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Hypertension High Blood Pressure Stage 1: >140/90 mmHg Stage 2: >160/100 mmHg Risk factors include: Stress, diet, alcohol, drugs, family history, age, race, smoking 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Hypertension Treatment: medication, lifestyle changes 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Heart failure Heart doesn’t pump like it should 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Heart failure Causes: dysfunctional ventricles, damage to the heart s/s: shortness of breath, fatigue, reduced ability to exercise, irregular heartbeat, nausea, chest pain Diagnostic testing: blood tests, chest x-ray, EKG Treatment: medication, surgical options (treat underlying cause) 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Murmurs What is the most common instrument used to detect murmurs? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Murmur s/s: hissing sound on auscultation Treatment: lifestyle changes, medications (delay adverse effects) 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Myocardial infarction Blocked coronary artery 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
MI Diagnostics: EKG, blood test Treatment: medication, surgery 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Peripheral vascular disease How can PVD be prevented? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Peripheral vascular disease Causes: atherosclerosis s/s: painful cramping, leg numbess/weakness, coldness, change in color, shiny legs, no/weak pulse in legs Diagnosis: physical exam, ultrasound, angiogram Treatment: medication, surgery, supervised exercise program 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Pulmonary edema 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Pulmonary Edema Causes: alveoli in lungs fill with fluid instead of air s/s: Shortness of breath, drowning sensation, wheezing, anxiety, cough producing sputum Diagnosis: chest x-ray, pulse oximetry, EKG Treatment: o2, medications 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Transient ischemic attack 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
TIA Causes: blood clot (temporary blockage) s/s: weakness, slurred speech, unilateral weakness/loss of function, dizziness Diagnostics: physical exam, CT, MRI, Treatment: medication, surgery, angioplasty 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Varicose veins Prevention Wear sunscreen Elevate legs when resting Wear elastic support stockings Eating fiber diets Exercise Weight control 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Varicose Veins Caused by dysfunctional valves in the veins s/s: dark veins, visibly twisting veins, may have pain, itching, burning or throbbing Treatment: lifestyle changes, compression socks, surgical options, 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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Circulatory disorders
Leading Causes of Death: The Impact of Circulatory Disorders 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Essential questions: What are the functions of blood? What are some disorders of the blood? How are blood disorders treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the blood? What are the functions of the circulatory system? What are some disorders of the circulatory system? How are disorders of the circulatory system treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the circulatory system? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
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