1. Micronutrients Water and Fibre
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 40, 68
PLAY Acknowledge
PLAY Explain
SAY Hello | Hi | Good Day,
SAY I am Tom. | My name is Tom. | I am the VT character Tom.
SAY ^PAUSE=300^ I will provide some extra guidance and information ^PAUSE=300^ during this {prez entation=presentation.} | I will help with some extra information during this {prez entation=presentation.} ^PAUSE=800^
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PLAY Explain2
SAY In this {prez entation=presentation} we will look at micro-nutrients, ^PAUSE=300^ plus the other essentials of water and fibre. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY Micro-nutrients are {vit-amins=vitamins} and minerals. ^PAUSE=500^ The amount of these in our diet is ^EMPHASIS^really quite small but they are ^EMPHASIS^vital in keeping us healthy.^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Blink
SAY If you want to be able to plan meals properly you ^EMPHASIS^must understand ^PAUSE=200^ what these micro-nutrients do. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY While we are talking ^PAUSE=300^ you can ^EMPHASIS^Suspend us ^PAUSE=300^ or ask us to ^EMPHASIS^Resume ^PAUSE=300^ by right clicking on us and then choosing ^PAUSE=300^ Suspend ^PAUSE=300^ or Resume ^PAUSE=300^ from the menu.^PAUSE=1300^
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SAY If you choose ^EMPHASIS^Hide ^PAUSE=300^ we will stop completely! ^PAUSE=1300^
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SAY If you want to see them before the {prez entation=presentation} click on the New Words button.
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SAY ^PAUSE=800^
PLAY Announce2
SAY These keywords in the text are red and underlined, ^PAUSE=300^ if you click on a highlighted word you will see a ^EMPHASIS^short definition
PLAY GestureDown
SAY at the bottom of the page. ^PAUSE=800^
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Revise and Test
© ORCA Education Limited 2005

2. inc. vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and the B group.
Vitamins A
Answers
Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals.
Vitamins are needed for good health and growth.
There are two groups of vitamins-water soluble and fat-soluble.
Water soluble
inc. vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and the B group.
1. Complete the following sentence: We can ensure that we get enough vitamins by eating a v….. and b……. diet
2. Why is it important to eat foods rich in water-soluble vitamins regularly? *
Fat soluble
inc. vitamins A, D, E and K. Can be stored in the body including the liver.
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 42, 68
PLAY Wave
PLAY Announce2
SAY OK, ^PAUSE=300^ what about the water soluble {vit-amins=vitamins?}
PLAY Explain
SAY Well {vit-amin=vitamin} C ^PAUSE=300^ and the B group of {vit-amins=vitamins} ^PAUSE=300^ are excreted in urine so the foods that contain ^EMPHASIS^these {vit-amins=vitamins} should be eaten ^EMPHASIS^every day. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Acknowledge
SAY Citrus fruit and vegetables are ^EMPHASIS^good sources of {vit-amin=vitamin} C. ^PAUSE=500^
SAY Cereal based foods, ^PAUSE=300^ meat ^PAUSE=300^ and dairy products are ^EMPHASIS^good sources of {vit-amin=vitamin} B. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Surprised
SAY Oh yes, ^PAUSE=300^ you have to be careful how your vegetables are cooked^EMPHASIS^ as water based {vit-amins=vitamins} are ^EMPHASIS^lost when cooked in water. ^PAUSE=600^
PLAY Decline
SAY Overcooked vegetables lose their {flavor=flavour} ^PAUSE=300^ and texture as well and can be pretty ^EMPHASIS^disgusting. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Think
SAY How about the fat soluble {vit-amins=vitamins?} ^PAUSE=800^
PLAY Explain2
SAY Fat soluble {vit-amins=vitamins} are stored in the body, ^PAUSE=300^ so it is ^EMPHASIS^not necessary for these to be eaten every day. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY HandsOnHips
SAY Foods rich in these {vit-amins=vitamins} are meat and animal products, ^PAUSE=300^ oily fish like herring, ^PAUSE=300^ sardine and mackerel, ^PAUSE=300^ fruit and vegetables.
PLAY Alert
SAY {vit-amin=Vitamin} D is interesting. ^PAUSE=300^
SAY {vit-amin=Vitamin} D is made under the skin from exposure to the sun. ^PAUSE=300^ Some people are ^EMPHASIS^rarely exposed to sun on their skin and must then get the {vit-amin=vitamin} through their diet. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY Imagine if you lived in Greenland ^EMPHASIS^with no sunlight for six months of the year!^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY CrossArms
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3. The Need for Vitamins
Vitality A
Answers
Energy
Vitamins are vital for health and can help prevent disease.
Natural Antioxidants are found in vitamins and are thought to reduce the risk of disease.
Skin
Teeth
Healing wounds
3. Which two vitamins are especially rich in antioxidants?
4. What two major diseases are antioxidants thought to help reduce the risk of? *
Body tissue
Bones
Fertility
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 42, 68
PLAY Show2
SAY ^EMPHASIS^Wo, ^PAUSE=300^ I hate it when that happens! ^PAUSE=300^
PLAY Think
SAY Sorry, ^PAUSE=300^ ^EMPHASIS^what am I doing here? ^PAUSE=1500^
PLAY LookRight
SAY Oh yes! ^PAUSE=300^
PLAY GestureRight
SAY Which foods have ^EMPHASIS^manufactured {vit-amins=vitamins} added to them? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Announce2
SAY Well^PAUSE=300^ breakfast cereals, ^PAUSE=300^ fruit drinks, ^PAUSE=200^ bread, ^PAUSE=100^ and {margareen=margarine} to name just a few! ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY However, people in Britain are ^EMPHASIS^rarely deficient in {vit-amins=vitamins} as we have enough to eat ^EMPHASIS^and generally eat a range of foods. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Sad
SAY This is ^EMPHASIS^not the case for 200 million children in poor countries where {vit-amin=vitamin} deficiency is a major health problem! ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY HandsOnHips
SAY Deficiency diseases cause many health problems including blindness, ^PAUSE=300^ bone damage ^PAUSE=300^ rickets, ^PAUSE=300^ scurvy , other skin problems^PAUSE=300^ and poor growth. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Read
SAY Deficiency diseases in poor countries is quite a big subject!
PLAY ReadReturn
SAY You will have to look all of these up and do your own research to find out more. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Suggest
SAY Oh yes, ^PAUSE=300^ one other thing! ^PAUSE=300^
PLAY Confused
SAY Do you think that people in Britain ^EMPHASIS^need to take {vit-amin=vitamin} tablets?
SAY Many people do, ^PAUSE=600^ but taking ^EMPHASIS^high doses of {vit-amins=vitamins} can be toxic and make you ill. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Wave
END
Blood
Prevent anaemia
Nervous system
Antioxidants

4. Minerals A
Answers
We eat for enjoyment but we must also eat what our body needs.
There are 19 different minerals needed by the body.
They each do different things which help to maintain body processes and body tissue.
5. Name these minerals that the body needs in relatively large amounts. C…… / P…….. / Ch…… / S….. .
6. What are trace elements?
7. Give one example of a food that is fortified with minerals. *

5. Calcium A Calcium is abundant in many foods and hard drinking water
Answers
Calcium is abundant in many foods and hard drinking water
The teeth and bones contain 99% of the calcium in the body.
8. Give examples of two foods that are rich in calcium.
9. Which of these vitamins is needed for the absorption of calcium? Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C or Vitamin D.
10. What disease may develop in later life through too little calcium in the diet? *
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 42, 68
PLAY Wave
PLAY Announce2
SAY The amount of any food substance you need for your age ^PAUSE=300^ and sex ^PAUSE=200^ is called the reference nutrient intake. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Point45
SAY The reference nutrient intake for calcium ^PAUSE=300^ in fifteen to eighteen year olds^PAUSE=300^ is one thousand milligrams a day for a boy ^PAUSE=300^ and eight hundred for a girl. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY Eating milk, ^PAUSE=300^ cheese, ^PAUSE=300^ yoghurt, ^PAUSE=200^ white bread, nuts and leafy green vegetables will give you ^EMPHASIS^lots of calcium. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY GestureLeft
SAY The skeleton is like a calcium bank where calcium is deposited. ^PAUSE=800^
PLAY Surprised
SAY If there is not enough calcium available in the diet, less calcium is deposited ^PAUSE=300^ which will result in a lower bone mass and weaker skeleton. ^PAUSE=600^ This causes weakening and thinning of the bones in later life.
PLAY Explain2
SAY People who are not exposed to ^EMPHASIS^sunlight, may also have a calcium deficiency if they do not have enough {vit-amin=vitamin} D. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY HandsOnHips
SAY Did you know^PAUSE=300^ that after the age of 30 ^PAUSE=300^ your body starts to ^EMPHASIS^lose calcium.^PAUSE=1300^
SAY I am not worried though!^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Pleased
SAY You think I am not worried about calcium because I am under 30!^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain3
SAY No, ^PAUSE=300^ I do not have to worry about calcium deficiency at all. ^PAUSE=300^ But ^EMPHASIS^exploding pixels is another issue!
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6. Found in animal based foods.
Iron A
Answers
Haem iron
Found in animal based foods.
Iron forms part of haemoglobin in red blood cells used for transporting oxygen around the body and for the production of energy. There are two types of iron.
11. Which type of iron is not so easily absorbed?
12. How can absorption be increased?
13. Give two examples of food or drink that inhibits (reduces) absorption. *
Non-haem
Found in plant foods.
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 42, 68
PLAY Wave
PLAY Think
SAY So how do you know if you are {anemic=anaemic?} ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY Tiredness, ^PAUSE=300^ weakness and a pale complexion ^PAUSE=300^ are ^EMPHASIS^all symptoms of iron deficiency or {anemia=anaemia.} ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY SitRight
SAY Do you think ^EMPHASIS^I look a little pale? ^PAUSE=700^ Do you think I am not eating enough spinach? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain2
SAY Girls and women are ^EMPHASIS^sometimes deficient as blood is lost during the menstrual cycle and they may need iron tablets. ^PAUSE=300^ For this reason, ^EMPHASIS^women need more iron than ^EMPHASIS^men. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Announce2
SAY Offal, ^EMPHASIS^ meat, ^EMPHASIS^pulses and breakfast cereals with iron ^EMPHASIS^supplements are good sources of iron. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY GestureRight
SAY You know it is ^EMPHASIS^odd with some things you eat or drink ^PAUSE=300^ like tea and coffee.
PLAY Surprised
SAY You would think you could eat and drink what you want and when you want it! ^PAUSE=300^
PLAY Acknowledge
SAY You would think your body could just^PAUSE=300^ ^EMPHASIS^sort out ^PAUSE=300^ how to use the things it needs. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY But your body is like a chemistry experiment, ^PAUSE=300^ some chemicals react together well ^PAUSE=300^ and others badly. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY LookRight
SAY Things like tea and coffee
PLAY Alert
SAY which contain tannin or bran which contain phytates ^PAUSE=300^ will bind with the iron and other minerals stopping them from being absorbed.^ PAUSE=1300^
SAY Whereas vitamin C in the food^PAUSE=300^ will actually ^EMPHASIS^help you absorb the iron!^PAUSE=1300^
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7. Salt ?g A
Answers
The body needs salt for water balance, nerve and muscle function.
14. What health problem is linked to too much salt? (a.) diabetes (b.) glaucoma (c.) high blood pressure.
15. What is the recommended daily average salt intake for an adult? (a.) 6g (b.) 12g (c.) 20g.
16. Give two examples of how to cut down on salt in our diet. *
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SHOW peedy, peedy.acs, 32, 68
PLAY Wave
SAY Hello I am Peedy.
PLAY GestureLeft
SAY So how do we cut down on salt intake? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY In the animal kingdom we will ^EMPHASIS^find the salt we need at salt licks ^PAUSE=300^ and we do not ^EMPHASIS^normally have a problem of too much salt. ^PAUSE=1300^
LOOP 5=Idle2_2
PLAY Uncertain
SAY My trouble is I ^EMPHASIS^cannot resist ^PAUSE=300^ all your ^EMPHASIS^human {pro sessed=processed} foods. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY I have got to cut down on the salted crackers, ^PAUSE=500^ crisps, ^PAUSE=300^ salt on my chips, ^PAUSE=500^ and having so many of those take-aways. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Decline
SAY But is there anything else I can do? ^PAUSE=300^
PLAY Announce
SAY Read the food labels. ^PAUSE=300^ It says here that high blood pressure and heart disease is associated with high salt intake ^PAUSE=300^ and other lifestyle factors, ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Sad
SAY such as lack of exercise and increased body weight ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY LookDown
SAY Do you think I am starting to look a little ^EMPHASIS^tubby? PAUSE=1300^
SAY Time for some exercise!
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8. The Need for Water A About 65% of our body is made of water.
Answers
About 65% of our body is made of water.
It is a major component of blood.
We need water for body processes such as digestion and excretion.
Water helps regulate temperature e.g. when we sweat.
17. What is the cause of dehydration and what happens if the body becomes dehydrated?
18. How much water should we drink every day? *
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 42, 68
PLAY Wave
PLAY GestureLeft
SAY The best thing to drink is ^EMPHASIS^water. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY There are lots of cool mineral water drinks for you to choose from. ^PAUSE=600^
PLAY Confused
SAY That is ^EMPHASIS^cool as in trendy^PAUSE=500^ and not just cool as in ^PAUSE=300^ not warm. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Decline
SAY Just think of all those ^EMPHASIS^empty calories in a typical bottle of sweet fizzy drink. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY CrossArms
SAY Even the diet versions do not sound too good when you read the label ^PAUSE=300^ and find out how many additives there are. ^PAUSE=800^
END

9. NSP A Dietary fibre is called non-starch polysaccharide.
Answers
Dietary fibre is called non-starch polysaccharide.
Fibre is the non digestible part of food which passes through the digestive system and keeps it functioning properly.
The recommended amount of fibre is 12-24g per day.
19. Name three foods that are high in fibre.
20. Give two health reasons why it is important to have enough fibre. *
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 42, 68
PLAY Wave
SAY Hello. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Announce2
SAY The average intake of fibre in Britain ^PAUSE=300^ is just twelve grams per day. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Decline
SAY But this is ^EMPHASIS^not enough!
PLAY Explain
SAY It has been recommended that this should rise to ^EMPHASIS^eighteen grams per day for an adult. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY HandsOnHips
SAY There are many health benefits ^PAUSE=300^ and basically more fibre in our diet will make us ^EMPHASIS^feel better. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain2
SAY Foods high in ^EMPHASIS^insoluble fibre are ^PAUSE=300^ fruits, ^PAUSE=200^ vegetables and cereal-based products^PAUSE=300^ especially whole-wheat versions like whole-meal spaghetti or {lasanya=lasagne.}
PLAY Explain3
SAY These foods also provide lots of ^EMPHASIS^other nutrients. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY Good sources of ^EMPHASIS^soluble fibre ^PAUSE=300^ are pulses, ^PAUSE=300^ fruit ^PAUSE=300^ and vegetables. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Think
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10. Dietary Reference Values
Answers
DRVs are estimates of the amount of energy and nutrients needed by different groups of healthy people.
These were based on advice given by the Committee of Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy(COMA) in the 1990s
The picture shows the DRVs for this 18 year old girl.
21. Complete the list in the red boxes by matching with these percentage needs. ( 35% / 39% / 11%) *
45g of protein
2110 kcal of energy
12-24g of dietary fibre
Saturates less than 11%
(a.) Starch ….% of food energy
(b.) NME sugars …% of food energy
(c.) Fats less than …% of food energy
Plus vitamins and minerals

11. Nutrient RequirementsA
Answers
This diagram shows how the nutrient requirements of the population of a country like the UK would look if plotted on a scatter graph.
22. Explain what Reference Nutrient Intake means. *
Estimated Average Requirement
Lower Reference Nutrient Intake
Reference Nutrient Intake

12. Recommended Daily Amounts
Answers
Nutrition food labels do not refer to DRVs. (Dietary Reference Values)
Most packaging only have recommended daily amounts (RDA’s) or guideline daily amounts.
23. Why do nutritional food labels refer to RDAs rather than DRVs? *

13. Suggested Answers 1. By eating a varied and balanced diet.
Return
1. By eating a varied and balanced diet.
2. They cannot be stored in the body as they dissolve in water and are excreted as urine.
3. E and C.
4. Heart disease and cancer.
5. Calcium, potassium, chlorine, sodium.
6. Minerals we only need in minute amounts.
7. Breakfast cereals, white flour (calcium).
8. Dairy produce, white bread, fish with bones, green leafy vegetables.
9. Vitamin D.
10. Osteoporosis.
11. Non-haem.
12. By eating foods rich in vitamin C.
13. Tea, coffee, eggs.*

14. Suggested Answers continued
Return
Suggested Answers continued
14. (c.) High blood pressure.
15. (a.) 6 grams.
16. Eat less processed food, do not add salt in cooking or food on table, cut down salty snacks, read food labels etc.
17. Dehydration is when water is lost from the body and is not replaced, we become unwell.
18. Two or three litres or 8 watery drinks.
19. Wholemeal and whole-wheat bread and pasta, peas, beans, fruit etc.
20. Keeps digestive system healthy, lowers cholesterol, prevents constipation, lowers risk of bowel disease and cancer, helps control weight.
21. (a.) starch = 39%, (b.) NME sugars = 11%, (c.) fats = less than 35%
22. It is the amount of nutrient required to meet the needs of 97% of the population, for most it is higher than is needed.
23. Because food manufacturers are following the Food Labelling Regulations 1984 and we continue doing this until these regulations are changed. *