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8-1 The Pectoral Girdle The Pectoral Girdle Shoulder girdle
Connects the arms to the body Positions the shoulders Provides a base for arm movement Consists of: Two clavicles Two scapulae Connects with the axial skeleton only at the manubrium
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8-1 The Pectoral Girdle The Clavicles Also called collarbones
Long, S-shaped bones Originate at the manubrium (sternal end) Articulate with the scapulae (acromial end)
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Figure 8-2a The Right Clavicle
Scapula Clavicle Jugular notch The position of the clavicle within the pectoral girdle, anterior view. 3
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Figure 8-2b The Right Clavicle
Acromial end Sternal end LATERAL MEDIAL Facet for articulation with acromion Superior view of the right clavicle. 4
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Figure 8-2c The Right Clavicle
Sternal facet Acromial end LATERAL MEDIAL Conoid tubercle Costal tuberosity Sternal end Inferior view of the right clavicle. Stabilizing ligaments attach to the conoid tubercle and the costal tuberosity. 5
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8-1 The Pectoral Girdle The Scapulae Also called shoulder blades
Broad, flat triangles Articulate with arm and collarbone Anterior surface the subscapular fossa
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8-1 The Pectoral Girdle The Scapulae Structures of the scapula
Body has three sides Superior border Medial border (vertebral border) Lateral border (axillary border)
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Figure 8-3a The Right Scapula
Superior angle Acromion Coracoid process Superior border Lateral angle Subscapular fossa Body Lateral border Medial border Inferior angle Anterior view 8
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8-1 The Pectoral Girdle The Scapulae Body has three corners
Superior angle Inferior angle Lateral angle (head) The scapular head Holds glenoid cavity Which articulates with humerus To form shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint)
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Figure 8-3a The Right Scapula
Superior angle Acromion Coracoid process Superior border Lateral angle Subscapular fossa Body Lateral border Medial border Inferior angle Anterior view 10
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8-1 The Pectoral Girdle The Scapulae Processes of the glenoid cavity
Coracoid process Anterior, smaller Acromion Posterior, larger Articulates with clavicle At the acromioclavicular joint
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Figure 8-3a The Right Scapula
Superior angle Acromion Coracoid process Superior border Lateral angle Subscapular fossa Body Lateral border Medial border Inferior angle Anterior view 12
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Figure 8-3b The Right Scapula
Supraglenoid tubercle Acromion Coracoid process Glenoid cavity Spine Lateral border Inferior angle Lateral view 13
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Figure 8-3c The Right Scapula
Supraspinous fossa Coracoid process Acromion Superior border Neck Spine Infraspinous fossa Body Medial border Lateral border Inferior angle Posterior view 14
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8-1 The Pectoral Girdle The Scapulae Posterior features of the scapula
Scapular spine Ridge across posterior surface of body Separates two regions Supraspinous fossa Infraspinous fossa
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8-2 The Upper Limbs The Upper Limbs
Consist of: The arms, forearms, wrists, and hands Note: arm (brachium) = 1 bone, the humerus
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8-2 The Upper Limbs The Humerus Also called the arm
The long, upper arm bone Articulates with the pelvic girdle
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8-2 The Upper Limbs The Humerus Tubercles of the proximal epiphysis
Separated by the intertubercular groove Greater tubercle Lateral Forms tip of shoulder Lesser tubercle Anterior, medial
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8-2 The Upper Limbs The Humerus Head Surgical neck
Rounded, articulating surface Contained within joint capsule Surgical neck The narrow metaphysis
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Figure 8-4a The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint
Greater tubercle Head Lesser tubercle Intertubercular groove Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Shaft Radial fossa Coronoid fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Capitulum Trochlea Condyle Anterior surface 20
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Figure 8-4b The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint
Head Greater tubercle Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Radial groove Olecranon fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Trochlea Posterior surface 21
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8-2 The Upper Limbs The Humerus The shaft Deltoid tuberosity
A bulge in the shaft Attaches deltoid muscle Radial groove For radial nerve Posterior to deltoid tuberosity
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8-2 The Upper Limbs The Humerus The distal epiphysis
Medial and lateral epicondyles For muscle attachment Condyle of the humerus Articulates with ulna and radius
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Figure 8-4a The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint
Greater tubercle Head Lesser tubercle Intertubercular groove Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Shaft Radial fossa Coronoid fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Capitulum Trochlea Condyle Anterior surface 24
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8-2 The Upper Limbs The Humerus Articular regions of the condyle
Trochlea Articulates with ulna Capitulum Articulates with radius
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Figure 8-4a The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint
Greater tubercle Head Lesser tubercle Intertubercular groove Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Shaft Radial fossa Coronoid fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Capitulum Trochlea Condyle Anterior surface 26
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Figure 8-4c The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint
Medial epicondyle Trochlea Head of radius Capitulum Coronoid process of ulna Radial notch of ulna Elbow joint, anterior view 27
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Figure 8-4b The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint
Head Greater tubercle Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Radial groove Olecranon fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Trochlea Posterior surface 28
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Figure 8-4d The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint
Medial epicondyle Olecranon fossa Olecranon Trochlea of humerus Ulna Head of radius Elbow joint, posterior view 29
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Figure 8-4a The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint
Greater tubercle Head Lesser tubercle Intertubercular groove Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Shaft Radial fossa Coronoid fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Capitulum Trochlea Condyle Anterior surface 30
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8-2 The Upper Limbs The Forearm Also called the antebrachium
Consists of two long bones Ulna (medial) Radius (lateral)
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8-2 The Upper Limbs The Ulna The olecranon Superior end of ulna
Point of elbow Articulates with trochlea of humerus
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8-2 The Upper Limbs The Ulna Other articulations Radial notch
Articulates with head of radius Forms proximal radio-ulnar joint Ulnar head Prominent styloid process Attaches to articular disc between forearm and wrist
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Figure 8-5a The Right Radius and Ulna
Olecranon Radial head Proximal radioulnar joint Neck of radius ULNA RADIUS Interosseous membrane Ulnar notch of radius Ulnar head Styloid process of ulna Styloid process of radius Posterior view 34
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Figure 8-5b The Right Radius and Ulna
Trochlear notch Radial head Coronoid process Neck of radius Radial notch Ulnar tuberosity Radial tuberosity RADIUS ULNA Interosseous membrane Distal radio-ulnar joint Ulnar head Styloid process of radius Anterior view 35
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8-2 The Upper Limbs The Ulna Interosseous membrane A fibrous sheet
Connects lateral margin of ulnar shaft to radius
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8-2 The Upper Limbs The Radius Lateral bone of forearm
Disk-shaped radial head above the neck Radial tuberosity below the neck, attaches biceps Articulations of the radius Ulnar notch Distal end Articulates with wrist and radius Styloid process Stabilizes wrist joint
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Figure 8-5a The Right Radius and Ulna
Olecranon Radial head Proximal radioulnar joint Neck of radius ULNA RADIUS Interosseous membrane Ulnar notch of radius Ulnar head Styloid process of ulna Styloid process of radius Posterior view 38
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Figure 8-5b The Right Radius and Ulna
Trochlear notch Radial head Coronoid process Neck of radius Radial notch Ulnar tuberosity Radial tuberosity RADIUS ULNA Interosseous membrane Distal radio-ulnar joint Ulnar head Styloid process of radius Anterior view 39
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Figure 8-5c The Right Radius and Ulna
Olecranon Trochlear notch Coronoid process Radial notch Ulnar tuberosity ULNA Lateral view of ulna, showing trochlear notch 40
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8-2 The Upper Limbs Eight Carpal Bones Four proximal carpal bones
Four distal carpal bones Allow wrist to bend and twist
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8-2 The Upper Limbs The Four Proximal Carpal Bones Scaphoid Lunate
Near styloid process of radius Lunate Medial to scaphoid Triquetrum Medial to lunate Pisiform Anterior to triquetrum Difficult to see from posterior
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8-2 The Upper Limbs The Four Distal Carpal Bones Trapezium Trapezoid
Lateral Trapezoid Medial to trapezium Capitate Largest Hamate Medial, distal
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Figure 8-6 Bones of the Right Wrist and Hand
RADIUS RADIUS ULNA Lunate Lunate Scaphold Scaphold Triquetrum Trapezium Trapezium Pisiform Trapezoid Trapezoid I Capitate Hamate I Capitate V V Metacarpal bones IV IV III III II Metacarpal bones II Proximal phalanx Distal phalanx Proximal phalanx Middle phalanx Distal phalanx Anterior view Posterior view 44
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8-2 The Upper Limbs Metacarpal Bones Phalanges of the Hands
The five long bones of the hand Numbered I–V from lateral (thumb) to medial Articulate with proximal phalanges Phalanges of the Hands 14 total finger bones Pollex (thumb) Two phalanges (proximal, distal) Fingers Three phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)
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Figure 8-6a Bones of the Right Wrist and Hand
RADIUS ULNA Lunate Scaphold Triquetrum Trapezium Pisiform Trapezoid I Capitate Hamate V Metacarpal bones IV II III Proximal phalanx Distal phalanx Anterior view 46
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Figure 8-6b Bones of the Right Wrist and Hand
RADIUS ULNA Lunate Scaphold Triquetrum Trapezium Pisiform Trapezoid Hamate I Capitate V IV III II Metacarpal bones Proximal phalanx Middle phalanx Distal phalanx Posterior view 47
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Figure 8-3a The Right Scapula
Superior angle Acromion Coracoid process Superior border Lateral angle Subscapular fossa Body Lateral border Medial border Inferior angle Anterior view 48
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Figure 8-3b The Right Scapula
Supraglenoid tubercle Acromion Coracoid process Glenoid cavity Spine Lateral border Inferior angle Lateral view 49
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Figure 8-3c The Right Scapula
Supraspinous fossa Coracoid process Acromion Superior border Neck Spine Infraspinous fossa Body Medial border Lateral border Inferior angle Posterior view 50
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Figure 8-4a The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint
Greater tubercle Head Lesser tubercle Intertubercular groove Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Shaft Radial fossa Coronoid fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Capitulum Trochlea Condyle Anterior surface 51
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Figure 8-4b The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint
Head Greater tubercle Anatomical neck Surgical neck Deltoid tuberosity Radial groove Olecranon fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Trochlea Posterior surface 52
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Figure 8-4d The Right Humerus and Elbow Joint
Medial epicondyle Olecranon fossa Olecranon Trochlea of humerus Ulna Head of radius Elbow joint, posterior view 53
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Figure 8-5a The Right Radius and Ulna
Olecranon Radial head Proximal radioulnar joint Neck of radius ULNA RADIUS Interosseous membrane Ulnar notch of radius Ulnar head Styloid process of ulna Styloid process of radius Posterior view 54
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Figure 8-5b The Right Radius and Ulna
Trochlear notch Radial head Coronoid process Neck of radius Radial notch Ulnar tuberosity Radial tuberosity RADIUS ULNA Interosseous membrane Distal radio-ulnar joint Ulnar head Styloid process of radius Anterior view 55
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Figure 8-6 Bones of the Right Wrist and Hand
RADIUS RADIUS ULNA Lunate Lunate Scaphold Scaphold Triquetrum Trapezium Trapezium Pisiform Trapezoid Trapezoid I Capitate Hamate I Capitate V V Metacarpal bones IV IV III III II Metacarpal bones II Proximal phalanx Distal phalanx Proximal phalanx Middle phalanx Distal phalanx Anterior view Posterior view 56
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