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Overview Intro: fact and fiction What is science? What Science is not
Stereotypes Myths Assumptions of science Empricism Determinism parsimony Methods of Science Objectivity control Operational definition
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FACT AND FICTION?
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How about a little more credibility!
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???
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Better?
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TRUTH AT LAST?
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SCIENCE!..in the pursuit of truth!
Credibility is good but… It does not insure “truth.” SCIENCE!..in the pursuit of truth!
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Does Science Equal Truth?
Jose Delgado
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A screening Process may be important!
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How do most Humans make their decisions about truth?
Tenacity Authority Intuition Logic and rationalism
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Most of us have difficulties seeing errors in our thinking
“THE AXIOMS OF HUMAN BELIEF”
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Humans believe Humans believe their belief is correct
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AXIOMS When Challenged?
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How gullible are we? Did Clinton Inhale?
Does nicotine cause addiction?
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AXIOMS Humans jump to conclusions.
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Axioms Simplify complex situations
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Axioms Resist deep consideration
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Axioms Vulnerable to perceptual and social illusion
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Axioms Infinite capacity to be….
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Axioms Difficulty identifying our own misconceptions.
So What can we do?
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Recognize the problems
We will not be able to approach truth without recognition of our limitations Devise mechanisms that help reduce these problems.
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SCIENCE What is Science? Science is NOT….
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STEREOTYPES OF SCIENCE?
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Nerds?
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So what is Science? METHOD!
A set of principles of observation, measurement and control that seek to uncover objective reality. “Self-correcting”
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Assumptions of science
Truth will be revealed over time with the Scientific Method Empiricism-consensual validation Determinism parsimony
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Overview of the Methods of Science
Objectivity control Operational definition Probabilistic thinking Amorality
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Goals of Science Practicality Describe Predict Understand Control
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Characteristics of a Good Scientist?
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THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE Ideas Problem Formation Goal or Hypothesis
Design Conduct/Collect Analysis Interpretation Report FEEDBACK
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IDEAS Common observation Logic Practical problems Intuition Theory
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IDEAS cont’ Theory Explains Simplifies Unifies interesting
Testable/falsifiable
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Theory vs Observational approaches
Deductive vs inductive reasoning Not truly separable Popular emphasis on deduction But…. Descriptive vs Inferential (experimental) Research
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Descriptive vs Experimental Research
Describing vs identifying causes Consider reactivity and “control.”
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Descriptive Research Poor or Less rigorous approaches:
Anecdotal observation Case study Systematic exploration
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Better approaches Archival research
Where could we find meaningful records?
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Naturalistic observation
Naturalistic means unobtrusive Technology Distance observation Concealment Acclimatization/fade
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Naturalistic observation with Intervention
A standardized “naturalistic” event
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Naturalistic Observation-participant observer
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THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE Ideas Problem Formation Goal or Hypothesis
Design Conduct/Collect Analysis Interpretation Report FEEDBACK
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Which technique would you choose to study…say
Human sexual intimacy?
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Psychological Phenomena that are:
Private Sensitive Rare internal
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SELF-REPORT approaches…….SURVEYS
What do we want to know Construction Questions responses Who do we want to know about -Administration sampling
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