1. Structure and Function
CELLS
Structure and Function
Cell = smallest unit of life

2. Cell Theory 1. Cells are the smallest unit of life.
2. All living things are made of cells.
3. All cells arise from other cells.

3. Turn to your neighbor……
Which of these 3 parts can you relate to the characteristics of life?

4. Two Major Cell Types Cell Type Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Example Bacteria
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals

5. Prokaryotic Cell

6. Features of Prokaryotic Cells
All prokaryotic cells contain
Structure
Function
Plasma Membrane
Regulates flow of substances into and out of cell
Nucleoid
Cytoplasmic region containing genetic material
Cytoplasm
Cytosol: fluid
Ribosomes
Enzymes

7. Features of Prokaryotic Cells
Other possible prokaryotic structures
Structure
Function
Cell Wall
Supports cell
Maintains shape
Capsule
Protects from drying
Protects against white blood cells
Infolded Plasma Membranes
Metabolism
Cell division

8. Features of Prokaryotic Cells
Other possible prokaryotic structures
Structure
Function
Bacterial Flagellum
Movement
Plasmid
Small circular DNA
Replicates independently

9. Kingdoms that are Prokaryotic
Archaea
Eubacteria

12. Endosymbiosis Endosymbiotic Theory: Evidence:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts were thought to have been free- living prokaryotic cells
These structures were taken in by a eukaryotic cell, became useful to the cell metabolism and were retained as organelles
Evidence:
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have:
70s ribosomes
Own DNA
Ability to reproduce independently from the cell
Double membrane on outside
Same size as prokaryotic cells

13. Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features
Structure
Function
Chloroplast (protists, plants)
Photosynthesis: Uses light energy to produce organic molecules

14. Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features
Structure
Function
Mitochondrion
Captures energy from organic molecules, producing ATP

15. Turn to your neighbor……
Compare the mitochondria to the chloroplast.

17. Eukaryotic Cell
(protist, animal)
Eukaryotic Cell

18. Discuss the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

19. Eukaryotic Cell
(plant)
Eukaryotic Cell

20. Compare the animal cell to the plant cell.

21. Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features
Structure
Function(s)
Plasma Membrane
1. Regulates passage of materials into and out of cell
2. Cell-Cell Recognition

22. Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features
Structure
Function(s)
Cell Wall
(protists, fungi, plants)
Controls cell shape, protects, supports

23. Turn to your neighbor:
Compare the structure of the cell membrane to the structure of the cell wall.

24. Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features
Structure
Function(s)
Nucleus
Carrier of genetic material
DNA + protein = chromatin
2. Governs cell activities
3. Directs cell reproduction
Surrounded by Membrane = nuclear envelope
Contains nucleolus—produces ribosomes which synthesize proteins

25. Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features
SER
RER
Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features
Structure
Function(s)
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Associated ribosomes produce proteins
Prepares proteins for export
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Lipid Synthesis
Drug detoxification
Transport of proteins from RER

26. Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features
Structure
Function(s)
Golgi Apparatus
Collects, modifies, packages and distributes proteins and lipids from ER

27. Turn to your neighbor……
Compare the function of the E.R. with the function of the Golgi.

28. Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features
Structure
Function(s)
Lysosome
Contains digestive enzymes to digest food in protists or destroy aging organelles

29. Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features
Structure
Function
Centriole
Gives rise to basal bodies that produce cilia or flagella

30. Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features
Structure
Function(s)
Vacuole
Central vacuole (plants) stores waste, maintains turgidity.
Contractile vacuole (protists) maintains water balance.
Food vacuole (protists) fuses with lysosome for digestion.

31. Functions of Eukaryotic Cell Features
Structure
Function(s)
Cilia and Flagella
Move substances across cell surface in lungs, fallopian tubes
Cell movement in sperm, protists

32. Exit Ticket What are similarities for
a. eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
b. animal and plant cells?
2. What are differences between

34. Kingdoms that are Eukaryotic
Protists:
Eukaryotic
Some have cell walls, but some don’t
Contain uni- and multicellular organisms
Some are autotrophic and some are heterotrophic
Only characteristic they have in common is they are all eukaryotic

35. Eukaryotic Kingdoms, cont.
Fungi
Contains mushrooms, yeast, mold and mildew
Eukaryotic
Have cell walls made of chitin
Yeast are unicellular; all others are multicellular
Heterotrophic – absorptive

36. Eukaryotic Kingdoms, cont.
Plantae:
Includes all the plants
Eukaryotic
Have cell walls made of cellulose
Multicellular
Autotrophic
Contain chloroplasts

37. Eukaryotic Kingdoms, cont.
Animalia:
Eukaryotic
No cell walls
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Only Kingdom with NO cell walls