1. Unit 1- Exploration to Reconstruction
Chapter 1- Creating a Nation
Chapter 2- Growth and Conflict
(Skip first page of notebook for unit cover page.)

2. Chapter 1- Creating a Nation

3. European Exploration 1492- Columbus landed in Bahamas
Set off series of European Explorations
San Salvidor

4. Motivations for Colonization
Spanish- 3 G’s
Gold, Glory, and God
Settle in South U.S., Mexico, Central and South America
English
Economic: Escape poverty; gain wealth from cash crop farming
Religious: Religious freedom & to escape religious persecution
Political: Fear during the English Civil War & Glorious Revolution

5. First English Colonies
Roanoke Island (Lost Colony)
Sir Walter Raleigh wanted to create 1st colony- economic motives
1585- Roanoke (1st English colony)
failed due to hunger
Men returned to England
nd attempt
Included women and children
John White- governor
1590- The Lost Colony
John White returns- no one there

6. First English Colonies
Jamestown
Virginia Company obtained charter- economic reasons
1607- small group of men land and establish first permanent English colony
Hardships
Lack of food
Bad relations with Natives
Disease (dirty water)
Government
HOUSE OF BURGESSES- first legislative (law making) body in Americas

7. First English Colonies
Plymouth
men and women settled in pursuit of religious freedom.
Hardships:
Cold winters- poor shelter
Lack of food
Disease
Help from Natives (Thanksgiving)
Government
Mayflower Compact
Governor and elected council work for good of all

8. Life in the13 Colonies The Great Migration (1700-1775)
Period of mass migration from England to N. America
3 major sections of colonies developed:
New England Colonies- founded by Puritans
Protestant beliefs promoted American idea of a strong work ethic.
Middle Colonies-
founded by William Penn
Quakers- promoted religious toleration
Southern Colonies-
Lord Baltimore founded Maryland as a safe haven for Catholics

10. Slavery in the Colonies
Atlantic Trade System (Triangle Trade route)
Africa to Caribbean to 13 Colonies
Middle Passage- on ship
Harsh working conditions on plantations
slave codes prevented escapes

11. The Middle Passage Experience

14. French and Indian War (1754-1763):
Also known as the “7 Years War” in Europe; both France and England believed they “owned” the Ohio River Valley.
French and Native Americans VERSUS England and the Colonists
George Washington leads British troops against the French and gains valuable experience
Results:
-England wins!
-France loses territory
-King George III issues the Proclamation of forbids colonists to move past Proclamation line
-King George III believes the colonists should help pay for the war and increases taxes on the colonists
Document Questions:
Document A- Why was George Washington sent to deliver a message from the British to the French? What were the French accused of? What were the French asked to do?
Document B- Why was the Proclamation of 1763 issued?
Photo Source:

15. British Taxation Causes Colonial Resentment
Sugar Act a tax on sugar and molasses
1765- Stamp Act a tax on all public documents (marriage licenses, stamps)
Quartering Act required the colonists to house and feed (quarter) British troops
1767- Townshend Acts placed a tax on tea, glass, lead, paper and paints sold to the colonists
1773- Tea Act gave the British- East India Tea Company a monopoly on the American tea market. Now colonists
would be forced to buy tea from Britain and pay a tea tax
Document Questions:
Document C: What is Ben Franklins’ opinion of the taxes imposed on the colonists by Britain? Why does Franklin believe England is imposing heavy taxes? What does Franklin warn that the colonists will do if the taxes on products from England are not lessened?

16. Great Awakening (1730s and 1740s)
“Awakening” of religious feeling in colonies
Challenged Puritanism
relationship with God over Church
Led to new denominations
Baptists, Presbyterians, and Methodists
Impact
caused people to question the authority of the Church/other authorities
Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield led fiery sermons

17. Enlightenment Influences Colonial America
Movement in 1700s that led thinkers to question prior beliefs about society, government, religion, etc.
Enlightenment Thinkers
John Locke
-Natural Rights (Life, Liberty, and Property)
-Rebellion against a bad government
Jean Jacques Rousseau
-Govt created by the consent of the governed
Baron de Montesquieu
-Separation of powers – 3 branches of govt.
-Checks and balances
Impact
Ideas supported colonists desire to politically break from England

18. Tension Builds in the Colonies
Protests:
colonists boycott British goods
harass King’s tax collectors
Important Events:
Boston Massacre (1770)
Five colonists killed
Boston Tea Party (1773)
Colonists dump tea into Boston Harbor, ruining product

19. Colonies Become United
1772 Committees of Correspondence begin to form linked colonies in communication
Sept st Continental Congress meets
Declare loyalty to King; refuse to accept taxes- boycott
April Battles of Lexington and Concord
First battle of revolution – “shot heard ‘round the world”
June Battle of Bunker Hill
first major battle- American loss; high British casualties
May nd Continental Congress Meets
Form continental army- will be led by Washington
Wrote Olive Branch Petition (July)
Colonists ask king for a return to harmony
Jan Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” published
July 4, Declaration of Independence

20. The First Government Articles of Confederation (1781)
Created a very weak central government
Shays Rebellion (1787)
Angry poor farmers began rebelling against the government over loss of farms
Showed that a new government was needed

21. A Nation in Crisis Shay’s Rebellion (1787)
Angry poor farmers began rebelling against the government over loss of farms
Govt. had no way to control rebellion
Showed need for restructuring to create a stronger federal government

22. Constitutional Convention (May 1787)
Purpose: to make a new govt.
Debate over Representation
VA Plan- proportional representation
NJ Plan- equal representation
The Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)
Bicameral Congress
House of Reps- reps based on population
Senate- equal representation
Debate over Slavery
Do slaves count in representation?
3/5 Compromise
One slave = 3/5 a person

23. Key Ideas of the Constitution
Promoted federalism (strong federal government)
divided power between Federal and State govts.
Separation of Powers (checks and balances)
Divided government into 3 branches
Executive Branch
President and Vice President
Legislative Branch
Congress
House of Representatives – by population
Senate- 2 per state
Judicial Branch
Supreme Court

25. Debate over Ratification (Acceptance) of Constitution
Two groups disagree:
Federalists- want constitution to be accepted
advocate strong central government
Anti-Federalists- do not want constitution to be accepted
wanted weak central govt. and powerful state govts.
Outcome:
First ten amendments to the Constitution were added to protect basic rights (made Anti-Federalists happy)
Constitution was ratified June 21, 1788
The Federalist Papers- -written to convince Americans that a strong federal (central) govt. was needed