1. Erik Erikson and Life Cycle

3. Life History Born in June 15, 1902. A Danish mother and German father.
Raised as a Jew, married a Christian and converted to Christianity.
At 18, he graduated from a classical gymnasium. He studied Latin, Greek, German Literature and Ancient History.
In 1927, got training from Anna Freud on psychoanalysis.
Married to Joan in 1929, who became her research partner.

4. Life History
In 1933, he became the full member of Vienna Psychoanalytical Society.
Joined Yale Medical School in Studied psychological symptoms, including the lack of self-image or identity, that were related to a sense of loss of cultural tradition.
Continued Research on Development stages of Life, since He studied the lives of Martin Luther and Mahatma Gandhi of India.
Passed away in 1997.

5. An Epigenetic Model of Human Development
Named by Erikson, Epigenesis (epi means upon and genesis means emergence) was the first psychological theory to detail the human life cycle, from infancy to adulthood and old age; Epigenesis suggests that each element develops on top of other parts.

6. Stage 1- Basic Trust Vs Basic Mistrust
Age: 0 to 1 year old
Psychosocial Crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust
Virtue: Hope
Corresponds to Freud's oral stage centers around the infant's basic needs being met by the parents.
Primary Caregivers give trust or mistrust

7. Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
Age: Toddlers, 2 to 3 years
Main Question: "Can I do things myself or must I always rely on others?"
Virtue: Will
As the child gains control over eliminative functions and motor abilities, they begin to explore their surroundings.

9. Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
Age : Preschool, 4 to 6 years
Main Question: "Am I good or am I bad?"
Virtue: Purpose
Related Elements in Society: ideal prototypes/roles
The child is learning to master the world around him or her.
Guilt is a new emotion and is confusing to the child.

10. Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority
Age : Childhood, 7 to 12 years.
Main Question: "Am I successful or worthless?"
Virtue: Competence
Related Elements in Society: division of labor
Erikson viewed the elementary school years as critical for the development of self-confidence.

12. Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Age : Adolescents, 13 to 19 years.
Main Question: "Who am I and where am I going?"
Ego quality: Fidelity
Related Elements in Society: Ideology
Child develops a sense of sexual identity. Sometimes the roles becomes confusing.

14. Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Age : Young Adults, 20 to 34 years.
Main Question: "Am I loved and wanted?" or "Shall I share my life with someone or live alone?"
Ego quality: Love
Related Elements in Society: patterns of cooperation (often marriage)

15. Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Age : Middle Adulthood, 35 to 65 years.
Main Question: "Will I produce something of real value?"
Virtue: Care
Related Elements in Society: parenting, educating, or other productive social involvement

17. Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Age : Seniors, 65 years onwards.
Main Question: "Have I lived a full life?"
Virtue: Wisdom

19. Questions???

20. Thank you