1. Ocean Floor Exploration

2. HMS Challenger ( )
The old method of data collection to map the ocean floor used lead weights and rope.

3. SONAR (Echo-Ranging) SOund Navigation And Ranging Began use in 1925
Helped submarines in WWII

4. Satellites
In the 1970s, orbiting satellites began to collect ocean data
This method proved to be much faster

5. Satellite Coverage in 10 Days

6. Seasat
launched in 1978
measures direction & speed of ocean currents

7. Geosat (used to map sea floor)

8. Underwater Submersibles
Ex. of piloted vessels: The Alvin and Deep Flight
Ex. of robotic vessels: JASON II and Medea (both are tethered together)

9. Jason II (ocean floor)
Medea (ocean surface)

10. The Alvin

11. Deep Flight Submersible
**Actually classified as an underwater airplane.

12. Ocean Floor Features

13. Ocean Floor Features

14. Active Continental Margin

15. Passive Continental Margin