1. Chapter 9 Cash Collection Systems

2. The Cash Flow Timeline Order Order Sale Payment Sent Cash
Placed Received Received
Accounts Collection
< Inventory > < Receivable > < Float >
Time ==>
Accounts Disbursement
< Payable > < Float >
Invoice Received Payment Sent Cash Disbursed

3. Learning Objectives
To understand the various options firms have to collect customer payments.
To differentiate between the various collection system and choose that system best suited for the company.
To collect the basic data necessary for a lockbox study.
To understand how a lockbox model works.

4. The Cash Flow Timeline for Collection Float
Check Check Check Good Funds
Mailed Received Deposited Received
Time =>
Mail Processing Availability
Float Float Float
Collection Float

5. Collection Float
Collection float is the time interval between mailing of the check and the date at which cash is made available at the depositor’s account.
Mail float is the time that elapses from the point when check is written until it is received by the payee. Mail ranges from 1 day for local checks to 10 days for international checks
Processing Float is the period of time extending from receipt of check until it is deposited in the payee’s account. Small companies, governments and non profits have normally higher processing float. It ranges from few hours to one or more days.
The other name for “clearing delay” is known as Availability Float. It can range from immediately to as much as five days if weekends are involved.

6. Dollar Day Float & Annual Cost of Float
Dollar Day Float is a popular concept used to calculate the cost of float; it incorporates both the length of the float and the dollar amount involved. It is calculated by multiplying the individual remittances with the corresponding collection float
Average Daily Dollar Day Float is calculated by dividing the aggregate dollar day float by the number of days in a month
Annual cost of float is the total dollar value the firm is losing because of the collection float.

7. Cost of Float Remittances x Collection Float = Dollar-Day Float
$ , $ 100,000
1,200, ,000,000
500, ,500,000
1, ,000
$1,751, $9,610,000
Average Dollar-Day Float = Dollar-Day Float/Days in month
=$9,610,000/30=$ 320,333.33
Average Collection Float = Dollar-Day Float/ Remittances
=$9,610,000/$1,751,000=5.49 days
Annual Cost of Float = Average Dollar-Day Float x Rate
=$320,333.33*.08=$25, [Assume, Rate= 8%]

8. Types of Collection Systems
Company processing centers- Management may decide to process and deposit its own checks referred to as company processing center. The competing types of company processing centers include decentralized and centralized processing system.
Lockbox systems

9. Company Processing Centers
Deciding which to use depends primarily on the volume of the checks processed and the dollar size of the checks.
Decentralized collection systems
With a decentralized collection system various field officers or collection end points receive payments directly from the customers.
Mail delay and Availability delay is minimal whereas processing delay tends to be longer
Centralized collection systems
Corporate headquarters receives all customer remittance
Quick processing system thus less processing float. More control over the funds.
Mail float and Availability float is normally higher.

10. Collection system Cost Factors

11. Company Processing Centers
Common data Decentralized Centralized
N 1,000
F $1,500 D
i /365
VC $ $0.20
FC $ $600

12. Company Processing Centers
Total cost (Decentralized)
= $1,000 x [($1,500 x 7 x 0.10/365) + $0.25] + $100
= $3,226.71
Total cost (Centralized)
= $1,000 x [($1,500 x 6 x 0.10/365) + $0.20] + $600
= $3,265.75

13. Lockbox Collection Systems
A lockbox collection system is a blend of the two company processing system with exception of that a bank or a third party handles the processing.
A lock box system consist of dispersed collection sites, similar to the decentralized company processing centers and it resembles a centralized collection system in that deposited funds are transferred on a frequent basis from the lockbox collection sites to the corporate head quarters.
Retail
Large volume of standardized invoice materials where checks have low average face value
Wholesale
Smaller volume with non standardized remittance information and larger dollar amounts
Cost Factors, TC = N x [(F x D x i/365) + VC] + FC

14. Lockbox cost analysis Common data Citibank Chase N 1,000 F $1,500
VC $ $0.50
FC $ $275

15. Lockbox cost analysis Total cost (Citibank)
= 1,000 x [($1,500 x 6 x 0.10/365) + $0.45] + $225
= $3,140.75
Total cost (Chase)
= 1,000 x [($1,500 x 5 x 0.10/365) + $0.50] + $275
= $2,829.79

16. Lockbox cost analysis Common data Citibank Chase N 100,000 F $15 D 6 5
VC $ $0.50
FC $225 $275

17. Lockbox cost analysis Total cost (Citibank) = $47,690.75
Total cost (Chase)
= $52,329.79

18. The Lockbox Optimization Model
The model determines the number of lockboxes that will minimize total cost. In addition the model provides the optimal lockbox locations and allocates the among the selected lockbox sites.
Complete enumeration is a popular technique used to optimize the number and use of lockbox sites, which will ultimately maximize shareholder wealth.