1. Chapter 15 Notes: Global Age
Section 1: Conquest of Americas
Objectives: 1. Understand how the conquistadors conquered the American civilizations
Do Now: What happens when cultures “collide?”
Why do people fight?

2. First Encounters Meeting the Tainos
-Columbus first encountered the Taino people
-The Spanish treated them harshly and required them to bring back certain amounts of gold
The Conquistadors
-The encounter was repeated by a series of conquistadors-conquerors
-Many Spanish forced the natives to convert to Christianity

3. European Advantages Advantages
-The Europeans had guns and cannons that were superior to any native weapons
-The Europeans also had horses which helped them carry goods and in war
-The Europeans brought diseases like smallpox, measles, and influenza
-The native tribes had no immunity to the diseases and died in large numbers

4. Cortes Conquers the Aztecs
Hernan Cortes
-In 1519 he landed in Mexico and began the trek to Tenochtitlan
-He had an Indian woman help as translator
-Many people the Aztecs conquered hated them so Cortes made them into allies
Moctezuma
-Moctezuma was the leader of the Aztecs
-He thought the Europeans were the god Quetzacoatl so he sent tribute
-Cortes imprisoned Moctezuma and sign over his land

5. Pizzaro and Peru Francisco Pizzaro -He was inspired by Cortes
-He wanted to conquer the Inca due to the wealth he heard they possessed
-He arrived in 1532 and the Incas were weak from fighting a civil war
-He captured and killed the Incan king Atahualpa
-Spain continued to add lands to its growing empire

6. Effects of Spanish Conquest
Spain became very powerful and wealthy
-The Spanish seized large amounts of valuable goods and established mines to finance empire
Tens of thousands of Indians died
Those who did not die were forced to work for the Spanish
Much of the world was now connected by sea routes

7. Section 15.2: Spanish and Portuguese Colonies
Objectives
-Explain how the encomienda system works
-Compare and contrast the Spanish and Portuguese colonies
Do Now: Reviewing Main Ideas
-Who were the conquistadors?
-Why were the Spanish able to conquer the Americas?
-What were two effects of the “encounter?”

8. Ruling the Spanish Empire
Control
-The king of Spain set up the Council of Indies to pass laws for the colonies
-He appointed viceroys-representatives who ruled in the king’s name for each province
-The Catholic Church worked with the government to convert Native Americans
-Missionaries baptized thousands and built churches

9. Trade
Trade
-The most valuable resource from the colonies was silver and gold
-Colonies also exported raw materials to Spain
-Colonies could only buy manufactured goods from the mother country (MERCANTILISM)
-Sugar also became a cash crop that had to be grown on plantations

10. Encomienda System Encomiendas
-Spanish kings granted conquistadors encomiendas-land and use of Native American workers
-The conquistadors forced the natives to work under brutal conditions
-Disease, cruel treatment, and starvation caused the population to decline
-This system was used on plantations and in mines
Slaves
-Because so many died, they imported slaves from Africa

12. Colonial Society Society
-The society created in the new world was based on race
-Peninsulares had the most power
-Lower social groups reflected a mixing of populations

13. Beyond Spain Settling Brazil
-In the 1530s Portugal began to send settlers to Brazil
-Brazil did not have wealth from silver and gold
-They had to rely on plantation farming instead
Challenges
-England and France began exploring due to jealousy
-The treasures moving across the ocean could be attacked by pirates

14. Chapter 15.4-Atlantic Slave Trade
Objectives
-Map the Triangular trade
-Explain the positives and negatives of the slave trade to the countries involved
Do Now:
-What is the “encomienda” system
-How did the death of Native Americans lead to slavery?
-How was money made in the new colonies

15. Triangular Trade Triangular Trade
-Triangular trade was a trade relationship that linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas
-On the first leg, Europeans brought manufactured goods to Africa
-On the second leg, Africans were brought to the Americas
-The second leg is known as the Middle Passage
-On the third leg, slaves were exchanged for plantation products that were sent back to Europe

17. Industries and Cities Thrive
Profits
-Triangular trade was very profitable for merchants
-Industries that supported trade also thrived
-Shipbuilding
- Fishing
-Tobacco
-Processing sugar
Port cities
-Thriving trade led to successful port cities
-Many towns and cities grew

18. Horrors of the Middle Passage
The Journey
-Most Africans were taken from inland villages
-Many were forced to march in ropes and chains
-Many died along the way
Aboard the Slavers
-The slaves were crammed into overcrowded spaces
-The ships faced many hardships including storms, raids, mutinies, or revolts
-The biggest threat to slaves was disease
-Slave ships were given the nickname “floating coffins”

19. Impact of Slave Trade Impact -Brought wealth to colonial powers
-Colonial economies grew
-African states and societies were destroyed
-Much of Africa was depopulated

20. Section 15.5: Effects of Global Contact
Objectives:
-Understand the effects of the Columbian Exchange
Do Now:
-What is “triangular trade?”
-What is the “middle passage?”
-What were two impacts of the slave trade?

21. The Columbian Exchange
Global Exchange
-When Columbus came back from the Americas he brought plants and animals
-When he returned to the Americas, he did the same
-The global exchange of goods became known as the Columbian Exchange
New Foods and Animals
-The new food from the Americas caused Europe’s population to grow

22. Global Population Population Growth
-By the 1700s, corn, beans, tomatoes, and potatoes caused the world population to grow
Migration
-The Columbian Exchange also led millions to migrate to the Americas
-Some migrations were forced while others were voluntary

23. Commercial Revolution
Inflation
-In the 1500s, prices began to rise in Europe
-There was also more money in circulation
-The rise in price was known as inflation
Capitalism
-More trade, money, and push for empires caused a growth in capitalism-an economic system where businesses are owned privately
-Entrepreneurs took the financial risks to make profit

24. New Business Methods Growing Demand for Goods
-Merchants had to find a way to increase production
-Traditionally, guilds controlled production
-Capitalists found a way to get around the guilds with the cottage industry
-The raw product would be given to peasant cottages
-The cottagers would manufacture it into something useable
-The merchants would send it to be finished

25. Mercantilism Mercantilism
-European monarchs adopted a new economic system called mercantilism-national wealth determined by colonies
-Under mercantilism, a country must export more than it imports
-Colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country
-Governments imposed tariffs, or taxes, on imported goods