1. Day 11 Review: Carbohydrates and Lipids
Write the statements AND underline your answer.
Carbohydrates are made of ________ & ___________.
Lipids are made of _________ & _______.
Lipids are tested using the __________.
Sugars are tested using the ____________.
Starches are tested using the ___________.

2. Quick Review
A student performed a food test on her lunch. The Iodine test and Brown paper bag test came back positive. What organic molecules were in her lunch?
Starches only
Sugars and starches
Starches and lipids
Lipids and sugars

3. Proteins

4. Proteins Shape Matters!! C, H, O and N Biuret’s Test Amino Acids
Function
Build and repair body tissue
Fight diseases (antibodies)
Send messages (hormones)
Control reactions (enzymes)
Maintain homeostasis = regulate the body
Proteins
Important
Shape Matters!!
Atoms
C, H, O and N
Test
Biuret’s Test
Pictures
Subunits
Amino Acids

5. What is the Function? Build and repair body tissue
Fight diseases (antibodies)
Send messages (hormones)
Control reactions (enzymes)
Maintain homeostasis = regulate the body

6. What are the subunits?
Amino Acids

7. What are the Atoms?
C, H, O and N

8. What does it look like? Proteins look like a twisted up ball of yarn
Each amino acid connect together with a peptide bond and coil up

9. What is the structure of a protein?
Proteins have a 3-D shape

10. Why are they important? Shape Matters!!
Each protein has a perfect match and unlocks a reaction based on its shape
Like a lock-and-key

11. What does Denatured mean?
Denatured is when the shape of the protein changes
It can no longer do its job because it is no longer a perfect match

12. What does Enzyme mean?
Enzymes are special proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body.

13. What is the test?
Biuret’s Solution

14. Protein Examples Enzymes: speed up reactions
Hemoglobin: carries oxygen
Insulin: controls blood sugar levels
Antibodies: fights off invaders
Hormones: send messages in the body

15. Nucleic Acids

16. C, H, O, N, and P (Phosphorus)
Nucleic Acids
Function
Control genetic information
Make proteins to make traits
Important
Found in the nucleus
Examples: RNA and DNA
Atoms
C, H, O, N, and P (Phosphorus)
Subunits
Nucleotides (1 sugar, 1 phosphate and 1 nitrogen base)
Test
No test
Found in ALL living things
Pictures

17. What is the function? Control genetic information
Make proteins to make traits

18. What are the atoms?
C, H, O, N, and P (Phosphorus)

19. What are examples? ATP = Energy currency
DNA = Genetic Information Storage
RNA = Helps build proteins

20. What are the subunits? Nucleotides
Made of: 1 sugar, 1 phosphate and 1 nitrogen base

21. What are the 5 Nitrogen Bases?
A (Adenine), T (Thymine), G (Guanine), C (Cytosine), U (Uracil)

23. What is the structure of a Nucleic Acid?
Double Helix 
Sugar and Phosphate backbone
Nitrogen bases make up the middle steps
Looks like a twisted ladder or spiral staircase

24. What are the Monomers & Polymers?
Monomer: Nucleotides
Polymers: DNA, RNA, ATP

25. DNA vs. RNA DNA RNA Double Helix (2 strands) Single Helix (1 strand)
A, T, G, C
A, U, G, C
Deoxyribose sugar
Ribose sugar
Stores genetic information
Delivers genetic message to make proteins

26. Nucleic Acids Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
Function  control genetic information
Monomer  nucleotides
Polymers
DNA  deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA  ribonucleic acid

28. Online Lab Tests!

29. Benedict’s Solution DEMO
What did we DO?
What did we SEE?
What does this TELL us?

30. Iodine Solution DEMO What did we DO? What did we SEE?
What does this TELL us?

31. Biuret’s Reagent What did we DO? What did we SEE?
What does this TELL us?

32. Brown Paper Bag Test What did we DO? What did we SEE?
What does this TELL us?

33. Macromolecule Tests…
Benedict’s Solution: A test for SUGAR. If test is positive, it will turn a color anywhere from green to red, telling you that there IS a sugar!
Iodine Solution: A test for STARCH. If test is positive, it will turn a dark purple/black color, telling you that there IS a starch!
Brown Paper Bag Test: A test for LIPIDS/FATS. If test is positive, it will leave a greasy residue on the brown paper, telling you there IS a lipid!
Biuret’s Reagent: A test for PROTEINS. If test is positive, it turn pink or purple, telling you that there IS a protein!

34. You are your proteins!
Proteins:
Multipurpose molecules

35. Proteins Food, food, and more food.

36. Proteins insulin – hemoglobin – collagen (skin) Examples muscle
fingernails, claws
skin
hair
antibodies
enzymes
example: pepsin, catylase
hormones
example: insulin
– hemoglobin
– collagen (skin)

37. Proteins Sub Unit / Monomer = amino acids – 20 different amino acids
Each one has
a different
R group.

38. Amino acid chains Each amino acid is different
Proteins
amino acids chained into a polymer
Each amino acid is different
some “like” water & dissolve in it
some “fear” water & separate from it

39. 3-D protein structure Proteins fold & twist into 3-D shape
It’s a helix or B sheet within a single region. Can have both in one protein but a specific region is one or another
growth hormone
hemoglobin
pepsin
collagen

40. Its shape that matters! Proteins do their jobs, because of their shape
Unfolding a protein destroys its shape
wrong shape = can’t do its job
unfolding proteins = “denature”
temperature
pH (acidity)
Glossary Word!
unfolded “denatured”
folded

41. Nucleic acids:
Information molecules

42. Nucleic Acids Names & Functions ATP DNA RNA energy currency
Information Storage
RNA
Helps build proteins
RNA

43. A T C G
Genes (DNA) are needed to run bodies every day…
to make you and me… to make new cells…
to make babies!

44. nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide
Nucleic acids
Building block =
nucleotides
nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide
5 different nucleotides
different nitrogen bases
A, T, C, G, U
Nitrogen bases I’m the A,T,C,G or U part!
phosphate
sugar
N base

45. Nucleotide chains Nucleic acids nucleotides chained into a polymer DNA
phosphate
sugar
N base
Nucleic acids
nucleotides chained
into a polymer
DNA
double helix
A, C, G, T
RNA
single-sided
A, C, G, U
phosphate
sugar
N base
strong bonds
phosphate
sugar
N base
deoxiribose sugar
double-sided
phosphate
sugar
N base
RNA

46. ATP Tri- Mono- Di- Energy currency of cells Like (little bombs)
Transfers energy within a cell
Like (little bombs)
Modified nucleotide
Tri-
Mono-
Di- P O– O –O P O– O –O P O– O –O P O– O –O P O– O –O
ADP
AMP
ATP