1. Topic: Genetics
Aim: How do we use pedigree charts to follow a trait through generations of a family?
Do Now: Take out your punnett square notes sheet.
HW: Reproduction Exam Review Sheet
Castle Learning due TUESDAY!

2. R = red r = white Rr x RR Example #3:
Red is dominant in flowers & white is recessive. Cross a heterozygous flower with a homozygous dominant flower.
R = red r = white
Rr x RR

3. Rr x RR R r Genotype = R r R R R 50% homozygous dominant R R R R r
50% heterozygous
Phenotype=
100% red

4. One dog carries the heterozygous, black fur trait and the other carries homozygous recessive white traits. What are the chances of having a puppy with black fur?
B = black, b = white
Bb x bb

5. Bb x bb B b b b b B b
Answer: 50% chance of having a puppy with black fur b B b b b

7. Humans have 46 chromosomes in EVERY somatic cell in the body
Humans have 46 chromosomes in EVERY somatic cell in the body. Out the 46 chromosomes, 2 of them are sex chromosomes that determine gender. The other 44 chromosomes are called autosomes.

8. Sex chromosomes
XY - male
XX - female

10. Female chromosomes
Male chromosomes

11. How is the sex of an individual determined?
Eggs = X
Sperm = X or Y

12. The X chromosome carries a couple of thousand genes but few, if any, of these have anything to do directly with sex determination. The X chromosome likely contains genes that provide instructions for making proteins. These proteins perform a variety of different roles in the body.

13. The Y chromosome likely contains genes that provide instructions for making proteins. The genes on this chromosome tend to be involved in male sex determination and development. Sex is determined by the SRY gene, which is responsible for the development of a fetus into a male. Other genes on the Y chromosome are important for male fertility.

14. 1. What are pedigree charts used for?
To follow a trait through generations of a family

15. Male without the trait.
Male with the trait.
Female without the trait.
Female with the trait.
Female and male carriers

16. Diagonal line = dead from inherited condition
Marriage line connects people
Offspring line going down
Offspring (oldest to the left)

17. Topic: Genetics
Aim: How do we use pedigree charts to follow a trait through generations of a family?
Do Now: Take out your pedigree chart notes and your punnett square notes sheet.
HW: Castle Learning!!!!

18. One dog carries the heterozygous, black fur trait and the other carries homozygous recessive white traits. What are the chances of having a puppy with black fur?
B = black, b = white
Bb x bb

19. Bb x bb B b b b b B b
Answer: 50% chance of having a puppy with black fur b B b b b

20. 3. What does the pedigree chart below show?
How the British Queen Victoria’s family was affected by a disease called hemophilia.
4. Describe hemophilia.
A disease that causes the body to make too little of a certain protein that stops bleeding from damaged blood vessels.

21. 6. Identify the allele represented by “E.”
The shape of earlobes is inherited. The letter “E” stands for the gene (allele) for unattached or “free” earlobes. The letter “e” stands for the gene (allele) for attached earlobes.
6. Identify the allele represented by “E.”
7. Identify the allele represented by “e.”
Free earlobes
Attached earlobes

22. 8. James and Yolanda are a married couple.
The shape of earlobes is inherited. The letter “E” stands for the gene (allele) for unattached or “free” earlobes. The letter “e” stands for the gene (allele) for attached earlobes.
8. James and Yolanda are a married couple.
Identify the kind of earlobes James has.
Identify the kind of earlobes Yolanda has.
Attached earlobes
Free earlobes

23. c. How many children do James and Yolanda have? What are their names?
The shape of earlobes is inherited. The letter “E” stands for the gene (allele) for unattached or “free” earlobes. The letter “e” stands for the gene (allele) for attached earlobes.
c. How many children do James and Yolanda have? What are their names?
d. Identify Tony’s children and the types of earlobes each child has.
TWO
Tony and Jasmine
Andrew - unattached
Maria - unattached

24. The shape of earlobes is inherited
The shape of earlobes is inherited. The letter “E” stands for the gene (allele) for unattached or “free” earlobes. The letter “e” stands for the gene (allele) for attached earlobes.
e. Identify Jasmine’s children and the types of earlobes each child has.
T.J. - unattached
Caroline - attached

25. f. Identify Caroline’s genotype.
The shape of earlobes is inherited. The letter “E” stands for the gene (allele) for unattached or “free” earlobes. The letter “e” stands for the gene (allele) for attached earlobes.
f. Identify Caroline’s genotype.
g. Why does Caroline have attached earlobes?
Her parents must be heterozygous for the train.
(Ee x Ee) ee

26. 9. Person # 1 is:
a carrier for the trait.
10. Identify the difference between #7 and #9.
#7 is a carrier and #9 is not.
11. What is the relationship between individuals #1 and #2?
#1 and #2 are married.
12. Which statement about individual #3 is true?
#3 is married to #4

27. 13. What is the meaning of the line through #4?
The person dies from the inherited trait.
14. What is the relationship between #4 and #5?
#4 is the sister of #5
15. How is it possible for #9, #10 and #11 to not have the trait?
The trait is recessive.

28. Identify the genotypes of 1 and 2. Heterozygous 3 5 9 4 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 25 21 24
Identify the genotypes of 1 and 2.
Heterozygous
2. How many offspring did 1 and 2 have?
Six
3. Identify the genotype of 5.
Homozygous recessive

29. heterozygous Homozygous recessive Identify the genotype of the father.
2. Identify the genotype of the mother.
heterozygous
Homozygous recessive

30. 4 2 3. How many children did the first generation have?
4. How many children have the trait? 4 2

31. 1. How many offspring did the first generation have?4
2. How many offspring from the first generation were born with the trait?
None
3. How many females did the first generation have?
TWO
4. How many males did the first generation have?

32. 1. How many offspring did the 1st generation have?3
2. How many offspring from the 1st generation were born with the trait? 1

33. 3. Individual 3 had children with individual 4.
a. How many children did 3 and 4 have? 2
b. Which child was born with the trait?
male
c. What were the genotypes of individuals 3 and 4?
heterozygous

34. T t T T T T t T t t t t T = tall t = short
Cross two heterozygous plants. Tt
x Tt T t T T T T t T t t t t

35. T t
Phenotype %: 75% tall 25% short Genotype %: 25% homozygous dominant 50% heterozygous 25% homozygous recessive T T T T t T t t t t

36. G G G G G G G G g g G g G = green g = yellow
Cross a pure green plant with a hybrid plant. G G GG
X Gg G G G G G G g g G g

37. G G
Phenotype percentages: 100% green Genotype percentages: 50% heterozygous 50% homozygous dominant G G G G G G g g G g