1. The Respiratory System
Chapter 17
The Respiratory System

2. Introduction Organs - nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Respiration - exchange of O2 / CO2 between atmosphere, blood and cells
Cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to supply O2 to and remove CO2 from cells
©2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

3. The Anatomy and Functions of the Nose

4. The Nose External nares - openings into the nose
Internal nares - connect nose and pharynx
Coarse hairs line the vestibules
filter large dust particles
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5. The Nose Three shelves - formed by turbinate bones
superior, middle and inferior meatus
Olfactory receptors - located in the superior meatus
Functions of internal nose
warm and moisturize air, smell, speech tone
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6. The Structure and Functions of the Pharynx

7. The Pharynx Functions passageway for food passageway for air
resonating chamber for speech
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8. The Pharynx
Divisions
nasopharynx - internal nares and eustachian tubes
oropharynx - connection to mouth (fauces)
laryngopharynx - connects with esophagus and larynx
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9. The Larynx or Voice Box

10. Supporting Cartilage Thyroid cartilage - largest, Adam’s apple
Epiglottis - prevents food and liquids from entering trachea
Cricoid - connects with first tracheal ring
Arytenoid - attach to vocal cords and laryngeal muscles
Corniculate and cuneiform - connect epiglottis to arytenoid cartilage
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11. Form and Function Mucous membrane - two pairs of folds
false vocal cords
true vocal cords
Glottis - opening over true vocal cords
Sound produced by air vibrating vocal cords
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12. The Trachea and Windpipe
Tubular passageway for air
Pseudostratified epithelium with cilia and goblet cells
Smooth muscle and connective tissue
Supporting cartilage - stack of Cs
Cough reflex stimulated by foreign object
©2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

13. The Bronchi and the Bronchial Tree
Needs Fig 17-5
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14. The Bronchi and the Bronchial Tree
Trachea branches into left and right primary bronchi
Primary bronchi branch into secondary bronchi
Secondary bronchi branch into tertiary bronchi
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15. The Bronchi and the Bronchial Tree
Tertiary bronchi branch into bronchioles
Bronchioles branch into terminal bronchioles
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16. The Anatomy and Function of the Lungs

17. The Lungs Pleural membrane - encloses and protects lungs
parietal pleura - outer
visceral pleura - inner
pleural cavity - between pleura, prevents friction
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18. The Lungs Segments - supplied by each tertiary bronchi Lobules
wrapped in elastic connective tissue
each has - lymphatic, arteriole, venule, bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles subdivide into respiratory bronchioles
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19. The Lungs Respiratory bronchioles divide into alveolar ducts
Alveoli surround the alveolar ducts
grapelike outpouching
surrounded by capillary network
Respiratory gases pass through alveolar-capillary membrane
©2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

20. The Respiration Process

21. Respiration External respiration Internal respiration
exchange of gases between lungs and blood
Internal respiration
exchange of gases between blood and body cells
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22. Respiration Breathing diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract
pressure decreases in lungs - air rushes in
diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
pressure increases in lungs - air rushes out
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23. Respiration Partial pressure of gas Gas diffuses partial pressure
amount of pressure gas contributes to total pressure
directly proportional to concentration of gas
Gas diffuses partial pressure
high partial pressure to low partial pressure
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24. Animation
The following animation illustrates how a restricted airway reduces pressure within the chest cavity, causing the intercostal muscles to move inward, or retract.
©2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

25. Animation
The following animation illustrates a condition of the chest wall, known as flail chest, in which two or more fractures occur on the same rib creating a movable flap of rib.
©2006 by Thomson Delmar Learning, a part of the Thomson Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.