1. MPL: Philosophical Worldview
Indah Lestari

2. Worldview
Ontology
is related to how we view the nature of the external world.
Epistimology
is our beliefs about the nature of knowledge and our relationship to the ‘real world’.
Worldview
is a basic set of beliefs that guide action.

3. Worldview in research
The worldview that is brought by the researcher becomes the nature of the research.
Worldview arise based on the dicipline orientation, the advisor/mentor inclinations, and past research experience.
Worldview will often lead to embracing a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods approach in research.

4. Philosophical worldviews
Four philosophical worldviews that are widely used in research
Postpositivism
Constructivism
Transformative
Pragmatism

5. Postpositivism
Knowledge is conjectural – absolute truth can never be found
Research is the process of making warranted claims.
Data, evidence, and rational considerations shape knowledge.
Research seeks everything that can explain the situation of concern and the causal relationship.
Objectivity.

6. Constructivist Human beings construct the meanings.
Human beings make sense of the world based on their historical and social perspective.
The basic generation of meaning is always social, interaction with human community.

7. Transformative
It focuses on the study of groups of society which have been marginalized.
It focuses on inequities based on gender, race, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic class.

8. Pragmatism
Pragmatism is not committed to any one system pf philosophy and reality.
Individual researchers have a freedom of choice.
It does not see the world as an absolute unity.
Truth is what works at the time.
It agree that research always occurs in every context.