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SOLID WASTE AS SOURCES OF ENERGY AND FOOD
RAKHEE GOGOI DEPT.OF MICROBIOLOGY 2ND SEM GUIDED BY DR.M.K.SATEESH DEPT.OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY BANGALORE UNIVERSITY
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WASTE AND POLLUTANTS POLLUTANTS-waste product that damages the environment Disturbes the environment WASTE-Any product or residue that cannot be used profitably All waste are not pollutants
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Types of wastes BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL PHYSICAL
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TYPES OF SOLID WASTE MUNICIPAL WASTE OR HOUSEHOLD WASTE
Municipal wastes come from garbage and other waste materials produced from households,public markets,restaurants,commercial establishment etc. Include food,paper,textile,plastic etc.
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INDUSTRIAL WASTE Manufacturing industries such as eg:breweries,food processing,dairy etc industries,generates biodegradable waste. Industries such as eg:chemical,oil refinery,fertilizer industry generate non biodegradable waste. Eg:heavy metals,volatile hydrocarbons,packaging waste,ashes etc.
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AGRICULTURAL WASTE Biodegradable:crop residues,manures,feed residues.
Non biodegradable:plastics,copper present in feed additives,ammonia released from fertilizers etc.
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COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE
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Cont… Type of litter Organic waste such as vegetable and fruit peels,leftover foodstuff, etc. Paper Cotton cloth Wood Tin, aluminium, and other metal items such as cans Plastic bags Glass bottles Approximate time it takes to degenerate a week or two. 10-30 days 2-5 months 10-15 years 1 year 100 to 500 years one million years? Undetermined
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SOLID WASTE CONVERTED TO ENERGY……
WHY IS IT NECESSARY? Impact on environment Save space Low cost and time HOW IT IS DONE…. Microbial transformation Digesters Power plants
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SOLID WASTE
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Conversion of waste to energy
BIOGAS BIOETHANOL ELECTRICITY HEAT ENERGY
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BIOGAS
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ANAEROBIC DIGESTION HYDROLYSIS e.g-Thermoanaerobium brockii
ACIDOGENESIS e.g Syntrophomonas wolfei ACETOGENESIS e.g-Clostridium aceticum METHANOGENESIS e.g-Methanosarcina barkeri
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THE DIGESTER BATCH DIGESTER CONTINOUS FLOW STIRRED TANK DIGESTER
UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET DIGESTER
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ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PLANT
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BIOETHANOL PLANT,USA
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ETHANOL POTENTIAL • According to preliminary studies, 1kg of selected wastes contains 0.41 kg carbon (average carbon content is 41.05%) • Percentage of carbon in glucose molecule (C6H12O6): 40.00% • If 100% of the carbon present in selected wastes was converted to glucose, then the possible potential yield of glucose from 1 kg of selected waste can be calculated
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CONT… Then, possible mass of glucose : 1.03 kg
Percentage of carbon in ethanol molecule(C2H6O) : 52.17% Therefore, the possible mass of ethanol that we could obtain from 1 kg of selected waste is 0.79 kg
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GREEN ELECTRICITY Power produced from renewable energy.
No harm towards environment. Convert municipal waste to energy and does not contribute to the green house effect. Low cost.
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POWER PLANT,HYDERABAAD
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MSW PLANT
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PLASMA GASIFICATION Decompose waste in a oxygen starved Environment.
Converts organic waste into a fuel gas [syn gas] Works in high temperature[25000 Fahrenheit]
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PLASMA GASSIFICATION
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Furnace
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PLASMA TORCH
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ADVANTAGES No tars or furans. No ashes remaining to go to a landfill
Does not discriminate between type of waste Can process upto 20 tons of waste per hour
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SOLID WASTE AS FOOD Paper and pulp industries Water industries
Restaurants Agricultural waste Wine industry
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Lignocellulose Single cell protein Human nutrition Glucose
Food and chemical Phenolic compounds Enzymes, Mannose
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MICROORGANISM IN PRODUCTION OF SCP
Spirulina Saccharomyces cerevisiae Aspergillus oryzae Fusarium sp. Bacteria Rhodoseudomonas capsulata
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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
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REFERENCES BIOTECHNOLOGY BY B.D SINGH
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY BY INDU SHEKHAR THAKUR
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THANK YOU!
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