1. Daily Grammar Practice
Contents:
How to mark your sentences
Monday’s Notes
Tuesday’s Notes
Wednesday’s Notes
Thursday’s Notes
6. Diagram the sentence

2. How to mark your sentences
n=common noun
N=proper noun
poss n=possessive noun
pron=personal pronoun
1=first person
2=second person
3=third person
Nom=nominative
Obj=objective
Poss=possessive
ref pron=reflexive pronoun
rp=relative pron
ind pron=indefinite pronoun
int pron=interrogative pronoun
dem pron=demonstrative pron
adj=adjective
art=article
av=action verb
lv= linking verb
hv=helping verb
pres=present tense
past=past tense
f=future tense
pres perf= present perfect tense
past perf=past perfect tense
f perf=future perfect tense
adv=adverb
prep=preposition
cc=coordinating conjunction
sc=subordinating conjunction

3. How to mark your sentences
cor conj= correlative conjunction
inf=infinitive
ger=gerund
part=participle
s=subject
vt=transitive verb
vi=intransitive verb
do=direct object
io=indirect object
pn=predicate nominative
pa=predicate adjective
op=object of the prep
adj prep ph=adjective prep phrase
adv prep ph=adverb prep phrase
obj ger=object of gerund
ger ph=gerund phrase
obj part= object of participle
part ph=participle phrase
obj inf=object of infinitive
inf ph=
s inf=
obj comp=
app=appositive
app ph=appositive phrase
ind cl=independent clause
adv dep cl=adverb dependant clause
adj dep cl=adjective dependant clause
n dep cl=nooun dependent clause
ss=simple sentence
cd=compound sentence
cx=complex sentence
cd-cx=compound-complex sentence

4. Monday Notes parts of speech
Articles: a, an, the
Preposition
Shows relationship between a noun or a pronoun and some other word in the sentence.
Example:
Verb
Shows action or helps to make a statement
Action: shows action
Linking: links two words together
Helping: “helps” an action or linking verb
Tenses: Present, past, present perfect (have + participle), past perfect (had + past participle), future perfect ( will have / shall have +past participle)
Noun
Person, place, thing, idea
Common: begins with lower case latter
Proper: begins with capital letter
Possessive: shows ownership

5. Pronoun
Takes the place of the noun
Personal: 1st person
Singular nominative: I, you, he, she, it
Plural nominative: we, you, they
Singular objective: me, you, him, her, it
Plural objective: us, you, them
Singular possessive: my, your, his, her, its, mine, yours
Plural possessive: our, your, their, ours, yours, theirs
Reflexive: reflect back to ‘self’
Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Relative: starts a dependent clause
That, which, who, whom, whose
Interrogative: asks a question
Which? Whose? What? Whom? Who?
Demonstrative: demonstrates which one
This, that, these, those
Indefinite: doesn’t refer to a definite person or thing
Each, either, neither, few, some, all, most, several, few, many, none, one, someone, no one, everyone, anyone, somebody, nobody, everybody, anybody, more, much, another, both, any other, etc.

6. Joins words, phrases and clauses
6. Adjective
Modifies noun and pronoun
Tells Which One? How Many? What Kind?
Proper adjective: proper noun used as an adjective
7. Adverb
Modifies adjectives, verbs and other adverbs
Tells how? When? Where? To what extent?
8. Conjunction
Joins words, phrases and clauses
Types
Coordinating: FANBOYS
Subordinating: starts a dependent clause and must be followed by a subject
Correlative: not only/ but also, neither/nor, either/or, both/and
9. Verbal
Verb not behaving like a verb
Gerund: verb acting like a noun
Ends in -ing
Participle: verb acting like an adjective
Ends in –ing or-ed or other past tense ending
Infinitive: to + verb
Can act like a noun, adjective, or adverb

7. Tuesday Notes sentence parts and phrases
Verb
Transitive: takes a direct object
Intransitive: does not take a direct object
All linking verbs are intransitive
Subject
Part of the sentence about which something is being said
Must be a noun, pronoun, gerund or infinitive
Can never be a prep phrase
Complement: takes the meaning if the subject and verb
Types
Direct object: noun or pronoun; follows an action verb
Indirect object: noun or pronoun; comes before a direct object
Predicate nominative: noun or pronoun; follows linking verb; rename subject
Predicate adjective: is an adjective; follows linking verb; describes noun

8. Appositive/ appositive phrase:
Noun or pronoun that follows and remanes another noun or pronoun
Object of preposition:
Follows preposition and tells ‘what?’
Object of infinitive:
Follows infinitive and tells ‘what?’
Object of gerund:
Follows gerund and tells ‘what?’
Object of participle:
Follows participle and tells ‘what?’
Prepositional phrase:
Group of words beginning with preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun
Can act as an adjective or adverb
Gerund phrase:
Gerund + its modifiers and objects
Participle phrase:
Participle +its modifiers and objects
Infinitive phrase:
Infinitive +its modifiers and objects

9. Wednesday Notes clauses and sentence type
Clauses: each clause must have a subject and verb
Types
Independent: every sentence must have one and it can stand alone
Does not start with a relative pronoun or subordinating conjunction
Dependent: can never stand alone
Starts with a relative pronoun or subordinating conjunction
Types:
Adverb: acts like a verb; usually starts subordinating conjunction
Adjective: acts like an adjective; usually starts with a relative pronoun
Noun: acts like a noun; usually starts with a relative pronoun
Sentence types:
Simple: one independent clause
Compound: two or more independent clauses
Complex: one independent clause + one or more dependent clauses
Compound-complex: two or more independent clauses+ one or more dependent clauses

10. Thursday Notes punctuation, capitalization, and spelling
Capitalize: proper nouns, proper adjectives & first word of each sentence.
Semicolon
Joins two clauses without a coordinating conjunction
Can be used in a series with commas
Colon
Means “note that follows,” never follows a verb or preposition.
Apostrophe
Use to make words possessive and to make conjunctions
Don’t use to make words plural; if the word is plural and ends in ‘s’ add apostrophe only
Possessive pronouns don’t use them
Treat singular nouns ending in ‘s’ just like any other singular noun

11. Underlining/Italicizing
Underling and italicizing ar the same thing
Underline/italicize titles of long things, names of ships, planes, trains, artwork, foreign language expressions
Quotation Marks
Quote titles of short things, dialogue, words copied form other sources
Commas and periods that follow quoted words always go inside closing quotation marks
Colons and semicolons that follow quoted words always go outside closing quotation marks.
Hyphen: used to make two words one
Dash: used to indicate a break in thought or to set off part of a sentence

12. Comma (rules) Adverb dependent clause, independent clause
Independent clause, cc independent clause
Independent clause; independent clause
Introductory participle phrase,
Introductory prepositional phrase,
, nonessential appositive,
, nonessential adjective clause,
Items, in, a, series
, noun of direct address,
Day of the week, month, year,
City, state
Introductory word,
, interrupter,