1. Romans
Lesson 9

2. Introduction
Paul, after proving the need for the gospel for both Jew and Gentile, now deals with the problems regarding God’s rejection of the Jews as God’s chosen people.
The Jews were rejected because they rejected the gospel.
Many resented the teaching that Gentiles could be saved while Jew who did not accept the gospel would be lost.
Many felt that God was obligated to bless them just because they were descendants of Abraham.

3. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
A. Paul’s sincere concern for his Jewish brethren (v. 1-5).
V. 1-3 Paul expresses his willingness to exchange his salvation for the salvation of his Jewish brethren.

4. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
Moses had the same desire that Paul did. (Exodus 32:30-35)
“…if You will, forgive their sins…. If not, please blot me out from your book.” (Exo. 32:32)
God’s answer “Whoever has sinned against Me, I will blot him out of My book.” (Exo. 32:33)
“I will punish them for their sin” (Exo. 32:34)

5. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
V.4-5 “It is you who are the sons of the prophets and of the covenant which God made with your fathers, saying to Abraham, ‘And in your seed all the families of the earth shall be blessed.’ For you first, God raised up His Servant [Son] and sent Him to bless you by turning every one of you from your wicked ways.” (Acts 3:25-26)

6. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
B. The “children of promise” are not children according to “the flesh” (v. 6-13).
1. Promise through Isaac, even though Ishmael was of Abraham according to the flesh.
2. Isaac’s seed: God’s election of the elder to serve younger with Jacob and Esau, even though in families the elder takes preeminence.

7. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
V. 6-7 “They are not all Israel who are descended from Israel;”
“…For neither is circumcision anything, nor uncircumcision, but a new creation. Ando those who will walk by this rule, peace and mercy be upon them, and upon the Israel of God.” (Gal. 6:12-16)

8. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
Ishmael was Abrahams descendant, but not of the Promise. Jacob/Israel.
“But the son of the bond woman was born according to the flesh, and the son by the free woman through the promise.” (Gal. 4:23; Gen. 21:12-13)
Esau was a descendant of Abraham but, “It was he to whom it was said, “In Isaac your descendants shall be called.” ” (Heb. 11:18)

9. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
V.8 The true children of God are those of the promise, not the flesh.
“And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s descendants, heirs according to promise.” (Gal. 3:29)
“And you brethren, like Isaac, are children of promise.” (Gal. 4:28; Rom. 4:13; 8:14)

10. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
V.9 Genesis 18:10.
V “for though the twins were not yet born, and had not done anything good or bad, in order that God’s purpose according to His choice might stand, not because of works, but because of Him who calls,” v. 11
Esau I “hated”- To detest; by extension to love less; (Strong’s, 3404, p. 660).
-of a right feeling of aversion form what is evil; said of wrong doing. (W.E. Vine, p. 292)

11. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
C. God is not unjust in choosing to show mercy unto the Gentiles (v ).
1. God has right to show mercy and compassion upon whom He wills.
2. Example of Pharaoh.

12. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
V.15- “I will have mercy on whom I have mercy.” (Exo. 33:19)
V.16- “It does not depend on the man who wills,… but on God who has mercy” (Eph. 2:8).
V.17- (Exodus 9:16)

13. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
Has Mercy
Niniveh (Jonah 3:10;4:9-11)
Israel (Isa. 1:18).
Abimelech King of Gerar (Gen. 20:1-7)
Hardens
Pharaoh (Exo. 8:15, 32; 9:34; 10:3)
Pharaoh in Abraham’s time (Gen. 12:10-20).

14. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
God chooses who to impart blessings.
“ so that you may be sons of your Father who is in heaven for He causes His sun to rise on the evil and the good, and send rain on the righteous and the unrighteous.” (Matt. 5:45)

15. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
BUT in regards to the forgiveness of sin HE chooses those who will summit to Him. (Prov. 28:13; Isa. 55:7; Heb. 5:9)
“And having been made perfect, He became to all those who obey Him the source of eternal salvation” (Heb. 5:9)

16. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
D. Who is man to find fault over God’s choosing both Jews and Gentiles to be “vessels of mercy” (v.19-29).
1. As clay has not right to question the potter, man has no right to question God’s scheme of redeeming man. (v )

17. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
V. 22 The Potter- we have no choice about our condition.
Jeremiah 18:1-10
- God is the potter of nations.
- God deals with nations depending on their actions.

18. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
We can choose to be vessels of honor (2 Tim. 2:20-21).
A vessel of wrath is such as a result of his/her own actions.
If God made all men wicked apart from their own choice, then by this action would be contradicting the scriptures. (1 Tim. 2:4; 2 Peter 3:9)

19. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
2. God’s eternal plan was to make both Jew and Gentile “vessels of mercy” unto glory. (v )
a. Gentiles prophesied to be the people of God – Hosea 2:23.
b. A remnant shall be saved – Isaiah 1:9; 10:22.

20. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
E. Gentiles found righteousness through God’s plan to make them righteous, while Jews stumbled (v ).
1. Gentiles attained righteousness through faith. (v. 30; Gal. 2:16; Heb. 11:7)

21. THE GOSPEL AS IT RELATES TO ISRAEL – THE TRUE “CHILDREN OF PROMISE”
2. Jews stumbled by seeking righteousness by works of law. (v ; Gal. 5:4; I Pet. 2:6-8)
3. Fulfillment of Isaiah’s prophecy of the stone of stumbling seen in Jews and Gentiles. (Isa. 28:16; Mat. 21:42)