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IB Math Studies Year 1 I. Sets of Numbers.

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Presentation on theme: "IB Math Studies Year 1 I. Sets of Numbers."— Presentation transcript:

1 IB Math Studies Year 1 I. Sets of Numbers

2 Natural #s: N Set of positive integers including zero.
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, …}

3 Integers: Z Positive and negative whole numbers and zero.
No fractions or decimals {…-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …} Positive integers: Z+ ={1,2, 3, …}

4 Rational #s: Q Can be written as the ratio p/q of 2 integers where q ≠ 0. In other words: any number that can be written as a fraction! Includes integers, natural numbers, repeating decimals, terminating decimals Ex: ½, -4.13, …, √144

5 Positive Rational #s: Q+
Written in set notation form {x|xєQ, x>0} Read: x such that x is an element of the rational #s and x is greater than 0

6 Irrational #s: I These numbers CANNOT be written as the ratio of 2 integers (can’t be written as a fraction) Ex: √2, π, e

7 Real #s: R All of the above sets of #s are real numbers
For IB, we’re not going to be studying the Complex Number System 

8 Represent Real #s Graphically
On a number line, remember 0 is the origin. To the left are negative numbers and to the right are positive #s.

9 II. Absolute Value and Distance
Absolute value: the distance between the origin and the point |a| = {a, if a≥0; -a, if a<0} The distance between 2 points on the real number line d(a,b) = |b – a| = |a – b| Ex: d(-4, 2)= |-4 – 2| = |2 – -4| = 6

10 III. Algebraic Expressions
Constants (just a number) Variables (a letter that stands for a #) Algebraic expression (combine constants and variables with operations +, -, x, ÷ and exponentiation) Terms: 3x2 – 5x + 8 has 3 terms: 3x2, -5x, and 8.

11 Breakdown of Terms 3x2 The 3 is the coefficient, x is the base, and 2 is the exponent or power.

12 Evaluate Just substitute (plug in)
Ex: Evaluate the algebraic expression -3x + 5 if x = 3 Solution: -3(3) + 5 = = -4

13 IV: Inequalities a < b: a is less than b if b – a is positive ≡ (logically equivalent) b > a: b is great than a ≤ less than or equal to (at most) ≥ greater than or equal to (at least) < > OPEN ( ) ≤ ≥ CLOSED [ ]

14 Continue notes: Summary of Notation and Visual Representation on the Real Number Line

15 Examples: 1. Use inequality notation to describe: d is at least 4
j is at most -2 all m in the interval [-4, 6)

16 Examples: 2. Give a verbal description of each interval: (-2, 1)
[2, ∞) (-∞, 5) (-4, 6]

17 Law of Trichotomy For any 2 real #s a and b, one of the 3 relationships is possible: a = b a < b a > b

18 HW: Set #2 #1-6 AND #19-28


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