1. The anterior compartment of the thigh

2. muscles of the anterior compartment are sartorius, the quadriceps femoris which include ( rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vatus intermedialis muscles) and the articularis genu muscle. all are suppied by the femoral nerve.

4. Femoral artery
It is the direct continuation of the external iliac artery of the abdomen, enters the thigh below the inguinal ligament at the mid-inguinal point medial to the femoral nerve and lateral to the femoral vein. In the femoral triangle it is only covered by skin and fascia.

5. Then it descends to the adductor canal at the apex of the femoral triangle here it lies anterior to the adductor longus m. it become the popliteal artery by passing through the adductor hiatus.

7. Branches of the femoral artery
Profunda femoris artery.
Deep external pudendal artery.
Superficial arteries.
Muscular arteries.
Descending genicular artery.

8. 1- Profunda femoris artery
1- Profunda femoris artery. It is the principle artery of the thigh, arise from the posterolateral part of the femoral artery 5cm below the inguinal ligament
in the femoral triangle it divided in to lateral and medial circumflex arteries

9. Femoral artery

10. Profunda femoris artery

11. A- Lateral circumflex artery
. A- Lateral circumflex artery. Which is the largest branch of the profunda artery it runs laterally among the branches of the femoral nerve then deep to rectus femoris m. here it divided in to :

13. a-. Ascending branch passes deep to tensor fasciae latae m
a- Ascending branch passes deep to tensor fasciae latae m. then it passes between the gluteus medius and minimus muscles to anastomosed with the superior gluteal artery.

14. b- Transverse branch small artery passes backwards through vastus lateralis m.and anastomosed at the back of the thigh with the medial circumflex, inferior gluteal and the first perforating arteries. an articular branch to the hip joint may arise from the ascending or the transverse arteries.

15. C- descending branch which descend along the anterior border of vastus lateralis muscle accompanied by the nerve of this muscle supply it, and send branch to the knee joint through this muscle and anastomosed with the descending genicular branch of the femoral artery.

18. B- Medial circumflex artery, either arise from the profunda or directly from the femoral artery passes backwards between pectinus and iliopsoas muscles and continue backward under the neck of the femur. It supplies the upper parts of the adductor muscles. It divided into:

19. a- acetabular branch enters the hip joint under the transverse ligament of the acetabulum.
b- Ascending branch to the trochantric fossa.
c- Transverse branch to the hamstring m. which share in the cruciate anastomosis.

21. The cruciate anastomosis
situated at the level of the lesser trochanter of the femur formed from :
1- Transverse branch of the medial circumflex artery.
2- Transverse branch of the lateral circumflex artery.
3- Inferior gluteal artery
4- 1st perforating branch of the profunda artery.

23. The profunda femoris artery gives 3 perforating branches arise from the posterior part of the artery, close to the femur they pierce the tendon of the adductor muscles to reach the back of the thigh supplying the muscles of the posterior compartment. the profunda artery itself ends as 4th perforating artery.

25. 2- deep external pudendal artery arise from the medial side of the artery.
3- Three small superficial arteries arise from the anterior aspect of the femoral artery 2cm below the inguinal ligament, these are superficial external pudendal artery, superficial epigastric artery and the superficial circumflex iliac artery.
4- Small muscular arteries.

27. 5- Descending genicular artery
5- Descending genicular artery. Arise from the femoral artery short distance above the adductor hiatus it divided into 2 branches: saphenous branch pierces the adductor canal and accompany the saphenous nerve to supply the skin and fascia on the medial side of the leg. The articular branch to the knee joint.

29. The medial side of the thigh
Includes the adductor muscles which arise from the external surfaces of the pubic rami and the ramus of the ischium. they concerned with adduction at the hip joint, the muscles are:
pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis and obturator externus.
The nerve supply of these muscles is the obturator nerve (L2, 3, 4).

31. The obturator nerve
arises from the lumbar plexus in the abdomen it descends medial to the psoas m. on to the lateral wall of the pelvis join the obturator vessels and enters the obturator canal where it divides into anterior and posterior branches:

33. Anterior branch: descends in the thigh anterior to adductor brevis it sends branches to the adductor brevis, longus and gracilis ms. It also supply the hip joint.

35. Posterior branch: pierces the obturator externus m
Posterior branch: pierces the obturator externus m. and descends between adductor brevis and magnus ms. Supply these 3 muscles and ends as an articular branch through adductor magnus to the back of the knee joint.

36. Obturator nerve

37. The obturator artery
arises from the internal iliac artery it accompany the obturator nerve through the obturator canal divides into anterior and posterior branches which forms an arterial circle on the obturator membrane

39. The anterior branch
runs forward and downward on the outer surface of the obturator membrane supply obturator externus and internus and the origin of the adductor magnus and brevis muscle. anastomosed with the posterior branch and the medial circumflex femoris arteries.

40. The posterior branch
runs along the posterior margin of the obturator membrane, it supply the origin of adductor magnus muscle and gives the acetabular branch which enters the hip joint through the acetabular notch supply the ligamentum capitis (ligament of the femur).

41. Accessory obturator nerve
not always present, if present arise from the lumbar plexus or from the obturator nerve it descends along the medial side of the psoas m. it may ends in the hip joint or in the pectineus m. or it may replace part of the distribution of the obturator nerve.