1. Ginsenoside Phytochemical Variation
Kristina McIntyre
University of Ottawa

2. Objectives
Examine the variation in ginsenoside composition between 5 Ontario ginseng farms
Inter- and intra-population variation
6 main ginsenosides: Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd
Broader range
Identification of unique ginsenoside profiles and landraces

3. Preliminary Work Chromatographic methods of analysis
Examination of Variation in 1 population
Examination of ginsenoside AGE-inhibition activity

4. Recovery Study

5. Ginsenoside Variation- Population 1
Figure 1. HPLC-DAD chromatogram of the 6 major ginsenosides in Panax quinquefolius.

6. Ginsenoside Variation- Population 1
Figure 2. Relative abundance of 6 ginsenosides and total ginsenosides (%w/w) averaged across Panax quinquefolius roots on one Ontario farm. Mean values (n=17) ± standard deviation are presented.

7. Ginsenoside Variation- Population 1
Total ginsenoside content ranged from 4.9 to 13.7% (w/w)
Mean of 8.4%(w/w)
Greater than the total ginsenoside in New York State, Maryland, British Columbia, wild populations in Ontario, Quebec, Vermont, Maine, and Wisconsin which range from % (w/w)
Rb1, Re, Rd dominant
Rg1 and Rb2 low quantities

8. AGE Inhibition Assay Experimental: BSA + glucose/fructose + extract
Controls:
Positive, Negative, Extract, BSA, Vehicle
Quadruplicate to 96 well plate
Incubate 7 days, 37oC
Read fluorescence- 355 and 460nm
Determine percent inhibition and IC50
% Inhibition=
((Fnegative- Fexperimental corrected)/ Fnegative )*100%
Extract Control: Sugar + buffer + extract
Positive Control: BSA+ sugar+ quercetin
Negative Control: BSA+ sugar+ EtOH
Vehicle Control: Buffer+ EtOH
BSA Control: BSA+ buffer+ EtOH

9. AGE-inhibition
Table 2. Summary of data obtained for the IC50 ranges of major ginsenosides and Naturex’s ginsenoside extracts
Ginsenoside
IC50 Range (mg/mL)
Rb1
1 - 10 Rd Re
> 10
Rg1
Naturex aqueous extract
Naturex hydro-ethanolic extract

10. Conclusions and Future Work
Significant intra-population variation
Low AGE-inhibition activity
Examine inter-population variation
Examination of a wider range of ginsenosides (including malonyl ginsenosides) and phenolics
Further study of biological activities

11. Questions or Comments?