1. 医学免疫学
Medical Immunology
高美华
Gao Meihua

2. Introduction
Let me introduce myself.My name is Gao mei-hua,I am professor and director of immunology department.I am a surpas person in shandong province and qingdao city.I am a exemplar teacher in china and special engage professor in qingdao university too.My research work is molecular immunology

3. SECTION I Introduction to Immunology

4. RIA ;immuno-PCR. I hope every student to study hard immunology
medical immunology is very important department for a medical student.Becaus many human diseases diagnosis need a lot of immune methods.This disease prevention and treatment need many immunothrapy. The reseach work need many immunology test,as so,immunofluorescence;enzyme immunoassay,EIA;radioimmunoassay,
RIA ;immuno-PCR. I hope every student to study hard immunology

5. We live in a world filled with infectious agents
We live in a world filled with infectious agents.our bodies have many mechanisms that permit us to defend foreign organisms.This defensive ability is called Immunity.In medical terms immunity means protection from certain diseases,particularly infectious diseases.

6. Immunology is the study of the ways in which the body defends itself from infectious agents and other foreign substances in its environment.The protective mechanisms of body may be divided into two major groups:Innate and adaptive.Both of the innate and adaptive immune systems are essential for health.

7. Chapter 1 History And Prospects of Immunology

8. Brief introduction of immunology
Section 1
Brief introduction of immunology

9. Conception of immunity:The “latin” term immunis,meaning”exempt”,is the source of the “English” word immunity,
Meaning the state of protection from disease.
Now, immunity is process that immune system recognized, neutralized and eliminated Antigen

10. 1、Basic Function of Immune System
Historically, immunity meant protection from disease and, more specially, infectious disease.
Immunology deals with understanding how the body distinguishes between what is “self” and what is “nonself”
Function of Immune System：
defense; suveillance ; tolerance ;regulation

11. Function of Immune System
Function Normally Abnormity
Defense eliminated infectious Hypersensitivity
organisms Immunodeficiency
Suveillance eliminated tumor cell Tumor
Stabilization eliminated self-doat cell Autoimmune diseases
regulation N-E-I system immune diseases

14. 2、 Classification and Characteristics of Immunoresponse
Composition of Immune System
organs ——thymus、bone marrow、spleen、lymph node
tissues ——mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
cells——Macrophages（MΦ） 、 Natural Kill Cell 、T cell 、 B cell、 Dendrtic cell
molecules——membrane molecules(CD、AM MHC) and secretion type molecules(antibody、cytokine、complement )

16. Classification of immunoresponse: Innate immune ：
Macrophage(Toll-like receptor,TLR)、NKcell、neutrophil DC
The characteristics include:
(1)non-specific (2)no memory
(3) early effect (4) genic acquired

20. Adaptive immune ：
Tcell and Bcell induce both major immune response:humoral immunity and cellular immunity
Recognize stage:TCR BCR+MHC-Ag
Active stage: double signal
Effect stage: Ab and effect T kill Ag

27. The characteristics of Adaptive immunity:
(1) specific
(2) memory
(3) later
(4) acquired

30. Innate compaired with adaptive
Innate adaptive
receptor TLR TCR / BCR
specific no yes
Memory no yes
Time early later
mode genic acquired

31. 3、Immune diseases
Hypersensitivity
Chronic infection
Tumor
Immune deficiency (AIDS)
Autoimmune disease
Rejection of transplantation

34. 4、Application of Immunology
(1)、Immunoprophylaxis：vaccination
(2)、Immunotherapy：tumor、chronic infectious disease and hypersensitivity
(3)、Immunodiagnosis：ABO typing, infectious disease, tumor, pregnancy

35. section 2 History of Immunology

36. Immunology is the study of the ways in which the body defends itself from infectious agents and other foreign substance in its environment
The development of immunology has experienced 3 stages:empirical immunology,scientific immunology and modern immunology

37. 1、Experienced Phase of Immunology
Jenner—cowpox vaccine---smallpox

41. 2、Scientific Phase of Immunology

42. Koch, Pasteur
(1）discovery of pathogens and application of vaccines
(2）discovery of antibody and antigen
Behring

43. 1)、discovery of antibody
2)、antibody is immunoglobulin
3)、antibody is four-peptide chain structure
4)、structure of antigen and antigenic specificity

45. (3)、discovery of immune tolerance
Owen

47. monoclonal antibody，mcAb Kohler Milstein
(4)、 clonal selection theory Burnet
monoclonal antibody，mcAb
Kohler Milstein

49. (5)、development of cellular immunology
(6) 、 innate immune and antigen presentation
NK, NKT, B-1B, rδ+T
(7)、hypersensitivity and autoimmune disease

50. § 3 Development of Modern Immunology
1、Study of Immune Theory
（1）Diversity of antigen recognizing receptors
is The result of rearrangement was V and C genes

52. （2）Discovery of signal transduction pathways Double signal
Signal 1: Ag-MHC+TCR-CD4/CD8
Signal 2: CD28+B7
Signal translation to the nucleus active transcription factors of specific genes.
--cell active

54. Fas+FasL—caspase---DNA part ----apoptosis
（3）discovery of programmed cell death (Apoptosis)
Fas+FasL—caspase---DNA part
----apoptosis
（4）hemopoiesis and development of immunocytes

58. 2、Study of Application Immunology
（1） DNA vaccine:Plant vaccine
（2）genetic recombination cytokines—EPO IL2 TNF IFN
（3）therapy of immune cells:DC, HSC
（4）complete humanized antibody transgenic and knockout mouse

60. 3、21st century Immunology
(1)、human genome sequences
(2)、reverse immunology: genome sequences—function gene---animal test to validate
(3)、cDNA microarray
(4)、immuno-technology
(5). Immune prevent
反向免疫学-----以基因序列推测功能基因，再以生物试验验证阐明。

61. Recent development in immunology are opening up a huge rannge of potential new approaches of prevention and therapy of disease.One promising area is vaccine development using DNA recombination technology and reverse immunology,which fights not only against HIV,TB,SARS,but also against cancer and diabetes.Aim of immunology is for human benefit