1. MODULE 3: Neural and Hormonal Systems

2. What is LOVE?
Mark Twain: Love is the irresistible desire to be irresistibly desired.
Aerosmith:
I don't wanna miss one smile
I don't wanna miss one kiss
Well, I just wanna be with you
Right here with you, just like this
I just wanna hold you close
Feel your heart so close to mine
And stay here in this moment
For all the rest of time
DOPAMINE
NOREPINEPHRINE
SEROTONIN
OXYTOCIN

3. Everything psychological is simultaneously biological
Thoughts
Feelings
Behaviors
Nervous System
(Biological Psychology)
By studying the links between biology and psychology, biological psychologists are gaining new clues to sleep and dreams, depression and schizophrenia, hunger and sex, and stress and disease.

4. Lecture plan Micro view Macro view
at the level of a cell, the parts of a cell and the functions of a cell
Macro view
Systems of cells that jointly serve a function
The entire nervous system in communication with other systems

5. Neurons and how they work together:
Micro view

6. Body’s communication system: Neural Communication
Neuron: the building block of the nervous system
The Neuron
A cell in the nervous system specialized to receive, process, and/or transmit information to other cells
Axon can be anything between a fraction of a millimeter to over a meter.

7. How do the neurons communicate? Neurotransmitters
They are chemical messengers that go across the synaptic gaps between neurons.
They bind to the receptor sites on the receiving neuron
They influence whether the receiving neuron will respond with a “neural impulse”.

8. Neural Communication

9. How do the drugs work?
Mimic a natural neurotransmitter (heroin and morphine)
Block the reuptake if the neurotransmitter
Inhibit release of the neurotransmitter
Occupy the receptor sites of a neurotransmitter
heroin and morphine brain may stop producing its own endorphins  withdrawal  sensation of pain

10. Neural Communication
Acetylcholine: Learning, memory, muscle contraction (Alzheimer’s)
Endorphins: (“morphine within”) pain control and to pleasure
Dopamine: Movement, learning, attention, emotion (Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s)
Serotonin: Mood, hunger, sleep, arousal (depression)
Norepinephrine: alertness and arousal
GABA: Inhibitory (seizures, tremors, insomnia)
Glutamate: Excitatory, memory (seizures, migranes, “MSG”)

11. Sets of neurons and what they do:
MAcro view

12. The Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System
the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands (salgi bezi) and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart)
Sympathetic Nervous System
division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
Parasympathetic Nervous System
division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

13. Peripheral Autonomic System: the Sympathetic System

14. Peripheral Autonomic System: the Parasympathetic System

15. Neurons of different systems
CNS
Interneurons
CNS’s internal communications
Peripheral system
Sensory neurons
From tissues to the brain and the spinal cord
Motor neurons
From the CNS to the tissues

16. The Central Nervous System
There exist an intense information network within the brain
40 billion neurons
Each with 10,000 contacts
400 trillion synapses
Organized into neural networks
Spinal cord maintains the communications between the peripheral system and the brain
Reflexes

17. The entire nervous system interacting with another system:
MAcro view

18. The Endocrine System Endocrine System
the body’s “slow” chemical communication system
a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
Act on brain to influence our growth/emotions/ motivations/mood.

19. Neural and Hormonal Systems
Hormones: chemical messengers
manufactured by the endocrine glands
Produced in one tissue and affect another
Pituitary Gland
Controlled by the hypothalamus
regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
Adrenal Glands
just above the kidneys
secrete epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress
These hormones act as hormones AND neurotransmitters

20. Feedback system between the nervous and endocrine systems
Communication with sexual content
Brain
Message to sex glands
Behavior changed
Pituitary
Activated sex glands
Other glands
Sex hormones released
Hormones