1. Energy Flow and Matter Cycling (Carbon)
Sunlight energy
Energy Flow and Matter Cycling (Carbon)
ECOSYSTEM
Photosynthesis
in chloroplasts
CO2
Glucose + +
H2O O2
Cellular respiration
in mitochondria
ATP
(for cellular work)
Heat energy

2. Cellular Respiration
The process by which an organism can extract energy from organic molecules (ex: glucose) and use that energy to make ATP

3. Cellular Respiration has 3 parts
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation (AKA the electric transport chain)

4. Quick overview of the Cell

5. More detail of a plant cell

6. Structure of the Mitochondria

8. Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
ATP is required to start the process
Starts with glucose (6 carbons)
produces 2 pyruvate, AKA pyruvic acid(3 carbons each)
What do you gain (energy) at the end?
ATP (2)
NADH
This is an electron carrier that will be used later

9. Glucose NAD+ + + 2 Pyruvate
Fig. 6-7a
Glucose
2 ADP 2
NAD+ + 2 P 2
NADH 2
ATP + 2 H+
2 Pyruvate

10. Fig. 6-7c ENERGY INVESTMENT PHASE ATP
Glucose
ATP
Steps – A fuel molecule is energized,
using ATP. 1 3
Step 1
ADP P
Glucose-6-phosphate 2 P
Fructose-6-phosphate
ATP 3
ADP P P
Step A six-carbon intermediate splits
Into two three-carbon intermediates.
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 4 4 P P
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
(G3P)
Step A redox reaction
generates NADH. 5
NAD+ 5
NAD+ 5
ENERGY PAYOFF PHASE
NADH P
NADH P
+ H+
+ H+ P P P P
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
ADP
ADP 6 6
ATP
ATP P P
3-Phosphoglycerate 7 7
Steps – ATP and pyruvate
are produced. 6 9 P P
2-Phosphoglycerate 8 8
H2O
H2O P P
Phosphoenolpyruvate
(PEP)
ADP
ADP 9 9
ATP
ATP
Pyruvate

11. Modeling Glycolysis Beans = electrons Blue balls = carbon atoms
Yellow balls = phosphate
Red ovals = ADP
Green rectangles = NAD+

12. Fig. 6-7b
ATP made in Glycolysis is by the process of substrate level phosphorylation
Enzyme
Enzyme P
ADP +
ATP P P
Substrate
Product

14. What’s next?
Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) goes into the mitochondrial matrix
Here it gets converted into acetyl-CoA
This will enter the Krebs (citric acid) cycle
Krebs cycle
Our sugar continues to be broken down releasing Carbon dioxide
ATP (1 per pyruvate) is made
NADH and FADH2 are made
These carry electrons to the electron transport chain

15. Modeling the Krebs cycle
Beans = electrons
Blue balls = carbon atoms 7
Yellow balls = phosphate 1
Red ovals = ADP 1
Green rectangles = NAD+ 4
Green hearts = FAD 1
Red square = Coenzyme A (CoA) 1

16. Oxidative phosphorylation electron transport chain
The electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) take the electrons to the electron transport chain located on the inner membrane
Energy from the electrons moving through the chain provide the power to make ATP
About 34 ATP are made

17. NADH and FADH2 give electrons at the beginning of the chain
Oxygen takes electrons away at the end
Forming water

18. Modeling oxidative phosphorylation (the electron transport chain)
H+ = small green balls
Oxygen = medium blue balls
Electrons = beans
proteins of the electron transport chain = large red
ATP synthase = Large blue
ADP = red oval
Phosphate = yellow ball
NADH = green rectangle with electrons
FADH 2 = green heart with electrons

19. Aerobic Respiration
This process occurs in the mitochondria