1. An alternative periodic table configuration by Theodor Benfey
Chemical Periodicity
An alternative periodic table configuration by Theodor Benfey

2. Organise the cards into groups

3. Chinese Periodic Table

4. List some characteristics that you know about the elements on the periodic table
Nucleus
Smallest unit of matter
Have shells that contain electrons
Atomic mass = protons + neutrons
They all react with each other in order to get 8 electrons on their outer shell
They have an outer shell of electrons called valence electrons

5. Periodic Law
When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of physical and chemical properties.

6. The Periodic Table
Period: horizontal rows of the periodic table. Also, the number of electrons shells (or energy levels).
Group or Family: vertical columns of the periodic table. Elements within a group have similar chemical and physical properties.

7. You need to know Location on periodic table & Characteristics of:
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Transition Metals
Halogens
Chalogens Group
Noble Gases
Lanthanides (rare earth metals)
Actinides Rare (rare earth metals)
Other

8. Period
(rows)
Group or Family
(columns)

9. Valence Electrons
Valence electrons – Electrons on highest energy level / highest electron shell.

10. Valence electrons Valence electrons: electrons in the outer shell 1 82 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

11. The charge on the ion after it gains or loses valence electrons.+1 +2 +3 -3 -2 -1

12. Periodic Table - Groups
Alkali Metals
Includes group I-A or 1 [except Hydrogen (H).]
Lower densities than other metals
React with water and air
Stored in oil
Has only one valence electron
Easily lose their valence electron to form a univalent cation, 1+ charge

13. Periodic Table - Groups
Alkaline Earth Elements
Includes Group II-A or 2.
Harder, denser & stronger than alkali metals
Two valence electrons
Easily lose valence electrons to form divalent cations, 2+ charge

14. Periodic Table - Groups
Chalcogens
Includes elements in group VI-A or 16
Have 6 valence electrons
Easily gains 2 electrons to fill their outer energy level. Forms 2- charge.

15. Periodic Table - Groups
Halogens
Includes elements in group VII-A or 17
Have 7 valence electrons
Easily gains 1 electron to fill their outer energy level. Forms 1- charge.
They are the most reactive nonmetals, especially when reacting with alkali metals and alkaline Earth metals.

16. Periodic Table - Groups
Noble Gases
Includes elements in group VIII-A or 18.
Known as Inert Gases
All are gases at room temperature
Eight valence electrons
Have full outer energy level
Not reactive because of full outer shell
High ionization energy but very low electronegativity

17. Periodic Table - Groups
Transition elements
Groups 3 through 12.
Referred to as B group elements
Very hard
High melting & boiling points
High electrical conductivity

18. Periodic Table - Groups
Rare Earth Metals
Includes elements and 90 to 103
known as Rare Earth elements because they are rare on Earth.

20. Characteristics of Groups

21. Characteristics of Groups
Metals
Metals lose electrons to form + ions (called cations);
Example: Li loses 1 electron & forms Li+1
Shiny metallic appearance
Solid at room temperature (except Mercury)
High melting point
High densities
Malleable & ductile
Good conductors of heat and electricity

22. Characteristics of Groups
Nonmetals
Nonmetals gain electrons to form - ions (called anions)
Example: Cl gains 1 electron & forms Cl-1
Solid nonmetals have little to no metallic luster
Solid nonmetals are brittle
High ionization energy
Poor conductors of electricity

23. Characteristics of Groups
Metalloids / Semi-metals
Includes Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), Tellurium (Te), and Astatine (At).
Have properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Often used as semiconductors.

24. Increases Increases Atomic number and massIA
IIA
IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA
VIIIA
Increases
Increases
As the atomic number increases, so does the number of protons. As the atomic mass increases so does the number of protons and neutrons