1. Basic Nutrition for Living with Diabetes Teresa Parker
Are you “Sugar Savvy?”
Basic Nutrition for Living with Diabetes
Teresa Parker
Follow along “Diabetes and you” novo nordisk

2. What do you know about Diabetes?
Diabetes only affects old people.
Diabetes is not a killer disease.
Some people with type 2 have no symptoms.
Type 2 cannot be prevented.
Diabetes care is very costly.
You can catch diabetes from someone else.
If you are overweight, then you will eventually develop type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes prevention can be inexpensive.
People with diabetes have to avoid sugar altogether.
People with diabetes need to eat a very special, restrictive diet.
It’s common to develop type 2 during pregnancy.
If your doctor tells you that you have “prediabetes” there is nothing you can do to prevent the condition.
Once you have type 2, you have it for the rest of your life
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3. The Numbers
Approximately 29.1 million people, or 9.3% of the U.S. population has diabetes.
8.1 million of those people have not been diagnosed yet.
Diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death in the U.S., killing over 73,000 Americans annually.
es/ct_diabetes_stats_16apr2015_final.pdf

4. What is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a condition where the glucose in the blood is not controlled properly.
Also called “Hyperglycemia” when it is higher than normal.
Pancreas makes little to no Insulin; or the Insulin that is made does not work properly.
This prevents sugar to be used as energy by the cells, and causes a build up of sugar in the blood.

5. Types of Diabetes
Type 1: The body cannot make any Insulin, so people with Type 1 must inject insulin around meal times.
Gestational: Develops during pregnancy, and usually goes away after baby is born. May increase risk for Type 2 later.
Pre-Diabetes: When blood glucose is higher than normal, but not high enough to be Type 2.
Type 2: The body prevents insulin from working properly, and not enough insulin can be made. This is the most common type!
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6. How is it diagnosed? Pre diabetes is diagnosed when a patients:
A1c is
Fasting Glucose mg/dL
Diabetes is diagnosed when a patients:
A1c is 6.5% or higher
Fasting Plasma Glucose is higher than 126 mg/dL
Have symptoms of high blood sugar and a random blood glucose test of 200mg/dL or higher.
Page 7

7. Factors

8. What’s an A1C?
Test that measures your average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months
Patient does not have to fast beforehand
Diabetes is diagnosed if A1c is at 6.5 or higher
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Normal
Less than 5.7%
Prediabetes
5.7% to 6.4%
Diabetes
6.5% or higher
See page 38

9. Warning Signs of Diabetes
Usually no symptoms are present with Type 2 and gestational diabetes
Signs of high blood sugar/Hyperglycemia are:
- Hunger
- Increased thirst
- Excessive urination
- Dry, itchy skin
- Blurry vision
- Numbness of hands or feet
- Fatigue
- Unexplained weight-loss
- Slow-healing infections
See page 13

10. 15:15 Low blood sugar Hypoglycemia: blood glucose 70mg/dL or below
Symptoms include
Hunger, tiredness, increase heart rate, disoriented, mood swings, sweaty, nervous, dizzy, shaky
15:15
15 grams of sugar
4 ounces fruit juice or soda (not diet)
4 glucose tablets or quick chewable candy
See page 44

11. What are the long-term effects?
Heart Disease and Stroke
2 out of 3 people with diabetes die from heart disease or stroke
The risk for stroke is 2 to 4 times higher among people with diabetes

12. Kidney Failure Symptoms are decreased
Fluid retention, Swelling in lower limbs, Drowsiness, Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Confusion, Nausea, Chest pain
Small amounts of Micro albumin protein exit the body through urination and should be tested every year

13. Amputations
More than 60% of non-traumatic lower- limb amputations occur in people with diabetes.
Diabetes can cause nerve damage and poor circulation. This makes the feet vulnerable to ulcers. A non healing ulcer can cause bone and tissue damage, and may require surgical amputation.
In 2006, about 65,700 non-traumatic lower-limb amputations were performed in people with diabetes

14. Eye Health
Micro vessels in the eyes can be damaged due to excess sugar can cause bleeding behind the eye.
Vision loss is irreversible
See your doctor for an eye exam once a year
Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in adults ages 20 to 74.

15. How can it be prevented? Eating a healthy, balanced diet
Maintain a normal, healthy weight
Exercising 4-5 times a week 30 minutes per day

16. Diabetics can NEVER eat sugar
True or False?
POP-QUIZ!

17. Answer: False
With regular physical activity and a healthy diet, diabetics can eat sweets, just like everyone else.
The key is moderation. Everyone should practice eating in moderation, especially when it comes to junk food.

18. Examples of Foods with…
Good Sugars
Bad Sugars

19. References
diabetes/complications/kidney-disease- nephropathy.html
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