1. 8.5
and Saturation

2. Solubility: a property of a solute
the quantity of solute that can dissolve in a given quantity of solvent.
the concentration of a saturated solution of a solute in a solvent at a specific temperature and pressure
Solubility in temperature dependent
Assume that the solute in not undergoing a chemical reaction with the solvent

3. Quantitatively, solubility is often expressed as the maximum mass of solute that can be dissolved per 100 g of water at a given temperature

4. How solubility is represented
Many solids have calculated solubility values and can be found in chemicals reference books.
E.g. solubility of sodium sulphate in water at 0°C is 4.76 g/100 mL
The presence of crystals in a solution is a good indication that it is saturated

5. A saturated solution
A solution that contains the maximum quantity of solute at a given temperature and pressure

6. Unsaturated solution
A solution in which more solute can dissolve at a given temperature and pressure

7. Supersaturated Solution
A solution that contains more than the maximum quantity of solute it should at a given temperature and pressure

9. Solubility Curves

10. Solubility Curves
These are a graphical representation of the maximum concentration that a solution can take at certain temperatures.
Looking at the previous graph…
Ex 1. What compound has the highest level of solubility at 20°C?
Ex 2. What compound has the lowest solubility at 90°C?

11. Solubility of Gases!
Pop cans, swimming pools, fish tanks, bodies of water are all examples of gases dissolved in water
Gases always have higher solubility in water at lower temperatures.... This is the opposite of solids
Pressure also affects gases! Higher pressures cause more gas to diffuse in!

12. Solubility in Water—Generalizations and Examples
Solids usually have higher solubility in water at higher temperatures
polar liquids in water: solubility usually increases with temperature
Non-polar liquids are not soluble in water “immiscible”
Elements generally have low solubility in water