1. Religion
Pairs with Chapter 4

2. Religion Definition
Set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe.

3. Distribution of Religions
Universalizing Religions: appeals to people living in a wide variety of locations. Seeks converts.
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism
Ethnic Religions: most people are born into the religion or religion is distinct to an area.
Hinduism
Judaism

4. World Distribution of Religions
Fig. 6-1: World religions by continent.

5. World Population by Religion
Fig. 6-1a: Over two thirds of the world’s population adhere to Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, or Buddhism. Christianity is the single largest world religion.

6. Judaism, Christianity, & Islam
Abrahamic Religions
Judaism, Christianity,
& Islam

7. Judaism Monotheistic – believes in one god Religions book – Torah
Founder – Abraham
Place of worship - Synagogue

8. Jewish Religious Holidays
Rosh Hashanah – Jewish New Year
Yom Kippur – Day of Atonement
Passover – Festival each year to remember Jewish freedom from slavery in Egypt
Hanukkah – Commemorates the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem

9. The religious center of Judaism is the city of Jerusalem
The “Wailing” or Western Wall (the last remaining part of King Solomon's Temple

10. The Temple Mount, Jerusalem
Temple Mount contains sites holy to both Jews and Muslims, including the Western Wall of the Second Temple, al-Aqsa Mosque, and the Dome of the Rock.

11. Jerusalem
Fig. 6-15: The Old City of Jerusalem contains holy sites for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

12. Boundary Changes in Palestine/Israel
Fig. 6-16: The UN partition plan for Palestine in 1947 contrasted with the boundaries that were established after the War. Major changes later resulted from the 1967 War.

13. Israel’s Barrier in the West Bank
Fig : The planned route of Israel’s security barrier in the West Bank includes many of Israel’s settlements in the territory.

14. Section of Israeli Security Barrier
Fig : A typical section of the security barrier built by Israel in the West Bank.

15. Christianity Offshoot of Judaism
Founder – Jesus (seen as Messiah promised in Jewish holy texts)
Holy book – Bible
Place of Worship – Church
Major Holidays – Christmas & Easter

16. Comparison: Judaism & Christianity
Similarities
Monotheistic
Old Testament of Bible and Torah
Differences
According to Jewish belief, the Messiah is a leader sent by god to earth.
Christians believe that Jesus is the Messiah.

17. Diffusion of Christianity
Fig. 6-5: Christianity diffused from Palestine through the Roman Empire and continued diffusing through Europe after the fall of Rome. It was later replaced by Islam in much of the Mideast and North Africa.

18. Branches, Denominations, & Sects
Branch – large and fundamental division within a religion
Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Sunni and Shi’a Islam
Denomination – subgroup within a religion that operates under a common name, tradition, and/or identity
Baptist, Methodist, Lutheran
Sect – a small group that has broken away from an establish church/denomination
FLDS

19. Christian Branches in Europe
Fig. 6-2: Protestant denominations, Catholicism, and Eastern Orthodoxy are dominant in different regions of Europe – a result of many historic interactions.

20. Christian Branches in the U.S.
Fig. 6-3: Distribution of Christians in the U.S. Shaded areas are counties with more than 50% of church membership concentrated in Roman Catholicism or one of the Protestant denominations.

21. Distribution of Protestants in Ireland, 1911
Fig 6-14: When Ireland became independent in 1937, 26 northern districts with large Protestant populations chose to remain part of the United Kingdom.
Example of religious conflict that affects political structure.

22. Islam Islam means “to submit to the will of god” in Arabic
Followers are called Muslims
Founder – Muhammad, seen as last prophet of god
Born in Mecca around 570 C.E.
Abrahamic religion – means that it is an offshoot of Judaism
Jesus and Moses are also seen as prophets
Holy book – Quran
Place of worship - Mosque

23. The 2 main branches of Islam are Sunni & Shiites

24. 5 Pillars of Islam basics of Islamic laws & teachings
Pray 5 Times a day toward the city of Mecca
Believe in one god (Allah) and Muhammad was his last prophet
Pay alms
Make a pilgrimage to Mecca called the Hajj
Celebrate Ramadan (fast during daylight)

25. Mecca, Islam’s Holiest City
Fig. 6-10: Makkah (Mecca) is the holiest city in Islam and the site of pilgrimage for millions of Muslims each year. There are numerous holy sites in the city.

26. Makkah during the Haj Pilgrimage
The Ka’ba stands at the center of the Great Mosque (al-Haran al Sharif) in Makkah.

27. Kabba The foundation of the Kabba is said to have been built by Abraham

28. Diffusion of Islam
Fig. 6-6: Islam diffused rapidly and widely from its area of origin in Arabia. It eventually stretched from southeast Asia to West Africa.

29. Eastern Religions
Hinduism & Buddhism

30. Hinduism Oldest of the five major religions
No single founder – oral tradition
Holy book – Vedas
Place of worship – temples & in-home worship

31. Hinduism Major beliefs
Directed towards selfless living
Reincarnation – your soul, or atman in Hinduism, survives death
Karma – influences position after rebirth
Defined academically as polytheistic (believing in many gods)
In practice, god assumes many different forms including:
Brahma, the Creator
Vishnu, the Preserver
Shiva, the Destroyer
Different representations based on geographic location within India

32. Brahma

33. Vishnu

34. Shiva

35. Hindu Holy Places
Fig. 6-11: Hierarchy of Hindu holy places: Some sites are holy to Hindus throughout India; others have a regional or sectarian importance, or are important only locally.

36. Ritual Bathing in the Ganges River
Hindu pilgrims achieve purification by bathing in the Ganges.

37. Historically, Indian culture was separated by a caste system, where people were assigned to different social classes.

38. Hinduism: Cremation is more important/typical than burial

39. Buddhism Is an offshoot of Hinduism
Buddhism arose from the inspiration and teachings of Siddhartha Gautama
It is a complete way of life concerned with the wholesome development of the individual.
Buddhism can be best summarized by the words of Buddha himself:
Learn to do good, Cease to do harm, Control the mind, And benefit others.
Concentrated in one region of the world

40. The 4 Noble Truths
(i) the world is full of suffering (ii) suffering is caused by desire (iii) suffering can be removed (iv) in order to remove suffering one has to overcome desire.

41. Both Hindus & Buddhist believe in reincarnation, the consent cycle of birth, death & rebirth

42. Diffusion of Buddhism
Fig. 6-7: Buddhism diffused gradually from its origin in northeastern India to Sri Lanka, southeast Asia, and eventually China and Japan.

43. Buddhist Temple Bodh Gaya, India

44. Animism
Animists believe that inanimate objects and natural events have spirits.

45. Exit Ticket Notebook paper & blue/black ink pen.
Create a double-bubble chart to compare 2 of the 5 major world religions.
You must have 3 similarities & 3 differences. Your differences should be related (ex. Oranges are orange, apples are red).