1. Delta is for isotopes Facility D14C (natural abundance) d2H =
13C/12C – 15N/14N – 18O/16O – 34S/32S – 37Cl/35Cl – 81Br/79Br
d2H =
(2H / 1H)Sample vs. (2H / 1H)Reference
Delta is for isotopes
Facility
D14C (natural abundance)

2. DF

3. DF We develop methods – visitors come and use them
Self-cost model - set by individual lab
We are available for
General isotope advise (planning)
Collaboration
- One-off
- Short term
- Long term
- Proposal assist

4. CSIA – Compound Specific Isotope Analyses:
A tool for investigating sources and environmental fate of organic contaminants
An illustration of the concept freely adapted from
Charline Wiegert, ITM PhD student

5. Kinetic Isotope Effect
Stable Isotope %
Light
Heavy
17e-
17 p+
18 neutrons
20 neutrons
Weaker bonds
Faster reactions
Stronger bonds
Slower reactions
37Cl
35Cl
KIE
Kinetic Isotope Effect

6. EPA max. contaminant level
40 *
* WHO guideline values for drinking water; in µg L-1
20 *
0.3 *
PCE
EPA max. contaminant level
5 µg/L

7. KIE : Kinetic Isotope Effect
Hunkeler et al., ES&T (2009)
Rayleigh Equation

8. Extent of degradation Pathways & Sources slope = C/Cl 40 *
* WHO guideline values for drinking water; in µg L-1
20 *
0.3 *
Extent of degradation
Pathways & Sources
slope = C/Cl
Hunkeler et al., ES&T (2009)

9. Source Apportionment
Shouakar-Stash et al., J. Cont. Hydrol. (2003)

10. DF Illustration: KIE 13C 13C d13C effects of atmospheric processing
Ageing (enrichment)
Particles 13C more depleted
•OH
Particles 13C enriched
SOA
13C
-12CO
13C
ageing
(enrichment)
SOA formation
(depletion)
•OH
Partitioning from
gas phase to PM
13C enriched
-12CO
•OH
Particles
13C enriched
Gases
13C depleted
POA
Gas emission
(depleted; light isotopes react faster)
particle emission
(enriched, balanced by depleted gases)

11. Effect of ”transport time” on WSOC:
2D plot of δ13C and Δ14C for WSOC in South Asia (based on work by Elena Kirillova, ITM PhD student)
Hanimaadhoo
Sinhagad
INDIA
New Delhi
Mumbai
Calcutta
Delhi
Sinhagad
MCOH
Effect of ”transport time” on WSOC:
Hardly any change in 14C
Large increase in 13C

12. Currently available isotope instrumentationDF
Currently available isotope instrumentation
ITM
Isotope prep: pcGC, WSOC method & OCEC analyzer (d13C, D14C)
GC-qMS (on-line d37Cl)
IGV
GC-C-irMS (d2H, d13C, d15N)
Collaboration with Lab. Isotope Geology (Per Andersson)
ICP-multicollector-MS (d81Br and more)
TIMS (off-line d37Cl)

13. VR proposal: Research Equipment GrantDF
VR proposal: Research Equipment Grant
“Instruments to meet rapidly growing demand for compound-specific isotope analysis in earth, environmental and ecological sciences”
PIs Ö. Gustafsson, S. Bertilsson (UU), D. Bastviken (LinU), R. Smittenberg (SU), H. Holmstrand
20 co-PIs from Biogeochemistry, Geology, Climate Science, Ecological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Archaeology, and more
1 GC-C-IRMS + 1 GC-qMS

14. DF - Keep in touch! E-mail: henry.holmstrand@itm.su.se
Website:
…where you will find this presentation…

15. The End

16. Molecular Isotope Composition (MIC)
Most common
carbon-14 (14C)
Kol: 13C vs. 12C
Väte: 1H vs. 2H (D)
Klor: 35Cl vs. 37Cl
Brom: 79Br vs. 81Br
Syre: 16O vs. 18O (och 17O)
Kväve: 14N vs. 15N
Several dimensions possible!