2. The Eruption of Mount Pinatubo
Lesson Objective:
To be able to explain the cause, impacts and response of a volcanic eruption in an LIC

3. Characteristics of volcanoes
lava flow
Wind can blow ash a long way, which causes it to affect a large area by covering crops and roads; collapsing roofs because of the weight and suffocating animals and humans.
ash cloud
The main killer during an eruption is this deadly cloud of hot steam and ash that travels at over 200 km/h.
gas emissions
Ash in the air often triggers torrential rainfall, which washes the ash and mud down the volcano like a river.
pyroclastic flow
This flow of molten rock does not travel quickly, so does not cause many deaths, however it does destroy farmland, property and roads.
lahars
Sulphur, carbon dioxide and cyanide can all be released during an eruption, causing death to animals and humans.

4. Causes – Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines
Mt Pinatubo erupted in June It is located on a destructive plate boundary between the Eurasian and Philippine plate. Convection currents cause the Oceanic Philippine plate to subduct below the Eurasian continental plate which causes pressure to build up. As the plate subducts it melts into magma, and forms a magma chamber. Over time, pressure continues to build up in the magma chamber forcing magma to rise up through cracks in the continental crust and eventually erupting as a volcano.

5. Impacts of the eruption:
Short term
Long term
KEY WORDS: Make sure you are able to define
Pyroclastic flow
Lahars

6. Thousands of people needed treatment in hospital for lung damage
The eruption left many people psychologically traumatized long after.
The destruction of property meant that millions of dollars were needed for rebuilding
350 people killed by pyroclastic flow
Power supplies were cut off
Roads and bridges became blocked with ash
Heavy rain fell and mixed with ash to cause lahars (mudflows) leading to further problems
Thick ash in the atmosphere blocked out the sun turning day into night
Lahars continued to happen months after, causing landslides and further loss of homes
People forced to live in dirty refugee camps where diseases spread easily
Farmland and crops were destroyed
Thousands of people remained homeless for months after the event

7. Response: The Philippines is an LIC
LIC (low income country) therefore;
Took longer for rebuilding to take place
People remained homeless for a long time
Diseases spread in refugee camps due to poor sanitary conditions
The country is more dependent on foreign aid
New towns and villages were built further away from disaster areas

8. lava flow
Wind can blow ash a long way, which causes it to affect a large area by covering crops and roads; collapsing roofs because of the weight and suffocating animals and humans.
ash cloud
The main killer during an eruption is this deadly cloud of hot steam and ash that travels at over 200 km/h.
gas emissions
Ash in the air often triggers torrential rainfall, which washes the ash and mud down the volcano like a river.
pyroclastic flow
This flow of molten rock does not travel quickly, so does not cause many deaths, however it does destroy farmland, property and roads.
lahars
Sulphur, carbon dioxide and cyanide can all be released during an eruption, causing death to animals and humans.
lava flow
Wind can blow ash a long way, which causes it to affect a large area by covering crops and roads; collapsing roofs because of the weight and suffocating animals and humans.
ash cloud
The main killer during an eruption is this deadly cloud of hot steam and ash that travels at over 200 km/h.
gas emissions
Ash in the air often triggers torrential rainfall, which washes the ash and mud down the volcano like a river.
pyroclastic flow
This flow of molten rock does not travel quickly, so does not cause many deaths, however it does destroy farmland, property and roads.
lahars
Sulphur, carbon dioxide and cyanide can all be released during an eruption, causing death to animals and humans.