1. Why did Martin Luther want to break away from the Catholic Church?
The Reformation
Why did Martin Luther want to break away from the Catholic Church?

2. Causes of the Reformation
Catholic Pope has influence over most European monarchs
1400s: Renaissance emphasizes secular (non-religious) ideas
Printing Press (Gutenberg) made it easy to spread those ideas
1500s: Catholic Monk Martin Luther challenges corruptness of church. Luther from a German state part of the Holy Roman Empire
VQ: Why was Luther disgusted by his trip to Rome?
Catholic Church sells indulgences (forgiveness)
VQ: How does the church use fear to sell indulgences?
Luther writes 95 Theses
VQ: How are Luther’s ideas spread?
95 Theses
1. no selling indulgences 2. no purgatory
3. Write bible in people’s native language, 4. Bible is final authority, not Pope

3. A New Religion
Pope has Emperor Charles V to put Luther on trial
Pope excommunicates Luther, his followers start new religion Protestantism, violence ensues
VQ: How does Luther feel about violence in “his name”?
Holy Roman Empire torn apart when parts of Empire follow the new religion
VQ: How do the Princes stand up to the HR Emperor?
Due to Reformation, Catholic Church makes changes known as Counter-reformation
Results:
No indulgences
Bible can be printed in other languages
Schools & inquisition formed to teach/enforce new rules

4. England Becomes Protestant
Henry VIII, King of England & Wales is a devout Catholic
Henry’s only child is a daughter, Mary. Henry feels women are too weak to be rulers, wants a son
Problem: Wife Catherine is 42. Solution: have marriage annulled (cancelled). Problem: Pope refuses
Solution: Henry asks Parliament to pass law ending Pope’s power in England
Catholic Church replaced by Anglican Church – King is head of the Church
2nd wife, Anne Boleyn gives him another daughter, Elizabeth
Henry charges Anne with treason and she is arrested & later beheaded

5. Voices From the Past: King Henry VIII
Third wife, Jane Seymour finally gives him a son, Edward
Henry will marry three more times
Voices From the Past: King Henry VIII
Listen to the CD and answer the following questions in your notes:
Who was Anne Boleyn?
What happened to Jane Seymour, wife #3?
How did Henry find wife #4, what happened when they met?
What happened to wife #5, Catherine Howard?
What is Henry’s legacy?