1. Unit 4 - Immunology and Public Health

2. Unit 4 – Immunology and Public Health
1. The Immune System
2. Infectious Diseases and immunity
Non-specific defences
Specific cellular defences
Transmission and control
Active Immunisation and Vaccination and the evasion of immune responses

3. By the end of this section you will be able to …..
2. Infectious Diseases & immunity
a) transmission and control of disease
By the end of this section you will be able to …..
Name 5 types of pathogen
Name a disease caused by each type of pathogen
Name 6 methods infectious diseases can be transmitted from person to person
Name 5 methods the transmission of infectious diseases can be controlled
Describe both the individual and community responsibility of controlling transmission of infectious diseases

4. Pathogens
Pathogens are organisms that can harm and cause infectious diseases.
Examples of pathogens include:
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa
Multicellular Parasites
House MD parasite clip

5. Human diseases caused by this type of pathogen
Description
Human diseases caused by this type of pathogen
BACTERIA
Single celled organisms without a nucleus
tuberculosis, diphtheria, typhoid, cholera, tetanus, dysentery and pneumonia
VIRUSES
Non-living particles that can only reproduce within a living cell
Common cold, herpes, measles, AIDS, chicken pox, small pox
FUNGI
Simple organisms including mushrooms and yeasts that grow as single cells or thread like filaments
Ringworm, athletes foot, candidiasis, histoplasmosis
PROTOZOA
Single celled organisms with a nucleus
Malaria, giardiasis, chagas disease, sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis
MULTI-
CELLULAR
PARASITES
Living organism, that can live inside intestinal tract or blood stream
Round worm infections, tape worm infections

6. Think / pair / share What is meant by transmission?
Choose one disease from each row in your table and describe how it could have been transmitted
For each disease you picked, describe possible methods of controlling the transmission of the disease

7. Transmission of infectious diseases
The spread of microbes and infection is also known as…
TRANSMISSION!
Transmission by inhaled air
Coughing
Sneezing
Breathing
Transmission by food
Eating undercooked food
Transmission by water
Drinking dirty or contaminated water

8. Transmission of infectious diseases
Transmission by vector organisms
A bite from an infected animal
Transmission by direct physical contact
Touch
Transmission by body fluids
Sexual contact
Blood transfusion

9. Which 3 control methods would be an individual's responsibility?
Which 3 control methods would be a communities responsibility?
Appropriate storage and handling of food
Appropriate storage and handling of food
Quarantine
Good hygiene
Good hygiene
Care in sexual health
Care in sexual health
Appropriate waste disposal systems
Appropriate waste disposal systems
Quality water supply
Quality water supply
Safe food webs
Safe food webs
Control of vectors
Antisepsis

10. How can infectious diseases be transmitted?
The spread of microbes and infection is also known as…
TRANSMISSION!
Transmission can occur by:
Inhaled air
Food
Water
Vector organisms (carry and transmit a pathogen into another organism)
Direct physical contact
Body fluids

11. How can we control the transmission of infectious diseases?
Quarantine
Antisepsis
The use of antiseptics to eliminate pathogens
Individual responsibility
good hygiene
care in sexual health
appropriate storage/handling of food
Community responsibility
quality water supply
safe food webs
appropriate waste disposal systems
The control of vectors

12. Homework task – FACT FILE
Pick a pathogen
Pick a human disease caused by this pathogen
Research how this disease is transmitted
Research the best method(s) of controlling the transmission of this disease
Other useful info:
Symptoms of disease
treatments / cures
life cycle of pathogen
NB – you cannot do the same disease as someone else in the class!

13. BBC Infested Living With Parasites
Video saved in Key Area 3 folder too
NOT for the faint hearted!

14. Can you now …. Name 5 types of pathogen
Name a disease caused by each type of pathogen
Name 6 methods infectious diseases can be transmitted from person to person
Name 5 methods the transmission of infectious diseases can be controlled
Describe both the individual and community responsibility of controlling transmission of infectious diseases