1. Life on Earth: Vertebrate Animals

2. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Osteichthyes
Class Chondrichthyes
Class Amphibia
Class Reptilia
Class Aves
Class Mammalia

3. Osteichthyes Bony fish: trout, flounder, goldfish
Feeding: herbivores, carnivores, parasites, filter feeders, detritus feeders
Respiration: gills, some modified swim bladders
Circulatory: closed circulatory system, 2-chambered heart

4. Excretion: kidneys filter nitrogenous wastes, ammonia diffuses through gills, solid wastes – anus
Nervous: brain and nervous system, biolumenescence, electricity possible
Movement: swim, some “walk” on fins
Reproduction: sexual, oviparous (lay eggs), external fertilization, live-bearing, some internal fertilization

6. Walking Catfish

7. Chondrichthyes Cartilaginous fish: sharks, rays and skates
Same as other fish EXCEPT:
Skeleton is made of cartilage whereas Osteichthyes have skeletons of bone

8. Amphibians Examples: frogs, toads, salamanders
Digestive: young are filter feeding herbivores, adults are carnivores
Respiration: young have gills. Adults have lungs, some diffusion through skin
Circulatory: closed, double-loop system, 3-chambered heart

9. Excretion: Kidneys produce urine; intestines produce solid wastes, both excreted via the cloaca
Nervous: brain and nervous system, ectotherms ( cold-blooded)
Movement: swim, hop, crawl
Reproduction: sexual, external or internal fertilization

11. Reptiles Examples: snakes, lizards, turtles, alligators, crocodiles
Digestive: herbivores or carnivores
Respiration: lungs
Circulatory: closed, double loop system, 3 or 4 chambered heart

12. Excretion: kidneys may produce uric acid which along with solids, are eliminated through a cloaca
Nervous: well-developed brain and nervous system, heat-sensitive, ectotherms
Movement: stronger limbs and muscles, situated directly under the body; walking, swimming, burrowing, climbing

13. Reproduction: sexual, usually internal fertilization, lay eggs or bear live young
Major evolutionary development: the amniote egg

14. Aves Examples: hawks, sparrows, penguins, ducks
Digestive: herbivores, carnivores or omnivores
Respiration: lungs plus air sacs in body cavity and bones
Circulatory: closed double loop system, 4-chambered heart

15. Excretion: Kidneys produce uric acid
Nervous: Brain, good senses, magnetic senses for migration, endotherms (warm-blooded)
Movement: fly, swim, walk
Reproduction: sexual, internal fertilization, lay eggs

17. Mammals Examples: apes, humans, kangaroos
Digestive: herbivores, carnivores, omnivores
Respiration: lungs
Circulatory: closed, double-loop, 4 chambered heart

18. Excretion: Kidneys most well-developed, produce urine
Nervous: most highly developed brain and nervous system, 3 part brain
Movement: walk, swim, fly
Reproduction: sexual, internal fertilization, egg-laying, live bearing

20. Mammal orders: Monotremes: duckbill platypus
Marsupials: kangaroo, opossum
Insectivora: anteaters
Chiroptera: bats
Rodentia: rats, mice
Lagomorpha: rabbits
Carnivora: lions, dogs
Cetacea: whales and dolphins
Primates: apes and man