1. CSC 515 – Applied AI
1. Origins of AI
conference

2. CSC 515 – Applied AI 1960s early successes Checkers online Weizenbaum
Created ELIZA

3. CSC 515 – Applied AI Eliza session …
I am lonely How long have you been lonely?
For as long as I can remember Can you elaborate on that?
My mother hates me Who else in your family hates you?
Everyone does Surely not everyone

4. CSC 515 – Applied AI
Eliza session …

5. CSC 515 – Applied AI
1970s high hopes
Shannon
“Robot Servants”

6. CSC 515 – Applied AI 1980s real problems Lenat Lincoln CYC project
“Left Foot”

7. CSC 515 – Applied AI Doug Lenat - Cycorp
                                               
"Once you have a truly massive amount of information integrated as knowledge, then the human-software system will be superhuman, in the same sense that mankind with writing is superhuman compared to mankind before writing." ~ Doug Lenat, June 21, 2001

8. CSC 515 – Applied AI
Two “camps” of AI
2. Weak AI
Goal - simulate intelligent behavior in a specific area

9. CSC 515 – Applied AI
a. expert systems
ex: medical diagnosis
Demo …

10. CSC 515 – Applied AI a. expert systems input process output symptoms
diagnoses

11. CSC 515 – Applied AI
processing:
(i) knowledge base
many facts
(ii) inference engine
apply rules (“reason”)

12. CSC 515 – Applied AI
Processing operations in an expert system =
Logical Operations

13. CSC 515 – Applied AI
Demo - Microexpert

14. CSC 515 – Applied AI
purpose:
(i) assist people
(ii) replace people

15. CSC 515 – Applied AI
Should computers replace people?
Will computers replace people?
“Pilot-less” airplanes?

16. CSC 515 – Applied AI
3. Strong AI
Objective: Create Thinking Machines via Human Equivalence

17. CSC 515 – Applied AI

18. CSC 515 – Applied AI
a. Can computers be intelligent?
First step in problem solving is to …
understand the problem

19. CSC 515 – Applied AI
Key word is ...
Intelligent
Meaning of “Intelligent”
A hierarchy of activities:

20. CSC 515 – Applied AI thinking reasoning understanding . . . learning
remembering
computing

21. CSC 515 – Applied AI
Can computers do these things?
Compute?
Memory?

22. CSC 515 – Applied AI Compute? Memory? Learn?
Can computers do these things?
Compute?
Memory?
Learn?

23. CSC 515 – Applied AI
Game Playing -
investigate learning

24. CSC 515 – Applied AI

25. CSC 515 – Applied AI

26. Game Playing (Chess) AI approach learn & heurisitics
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Game Playing (Chess)
AI approach
learn & heurisitics
Brute Force approach
speed to look ahead

27. Game Playing (Chess) AI approach learn & heurisitics
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Game Playing (Chess)
AI approach
learn & heurisitics

28. Do creators of world-class chess programs have to be experts?
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Do creators of world-class chess programs have to be experts?

29. Chess playing applications learn to play better chess over time.
CSC 515 – Applied AI
Chess playing applications learn to play better chess over time.

30. CSC 515 – Applied AI
Is this learning?

31. CSC 515 – Applied AI

32. CSC 515 – Applied AI Chess champion loses match to computer
5 December 2006
World chess champion Vladimir Kramnik lost the sixth and decisive game against computer program Deep Fritz on Tuesday, ceding a hard-fought Man vs. Machine match 4-2. The Russian takes $500,000 — half of what he would have received if he had won against Deep Fritz, a commercially available chess program that runs on a powerful personal computer.

33. CSC 515 – Applied AI
Chess champion loses match to computer

34. CSC 515 – Applied AI Deep Fritz
I use Fritz regularly for my analysis." - GM Garry Kasparov, Ranked #1 in the World
"Deep Fritz 8 is stronger than Deep Blue." GM Vladimir Kramnik, World Chess Champion

35. CSC 515 – Applied AI
Can computers be intelligent? My answer:
“I don’t know”
because …
I don’t know what “intelligent” means

36. CSC 515 – Applied AI
Can computers be intelligent?
My reaction is … Yes
Human beings are wonderfully creative

37. CSC 515 – Applied AI
Pseudo-story by Bill Gates - patent office in 1890s
I’m not willing to bet against human creativity

38. CSC 515 – Applied AI

39. CSC 515 – Applied AI
b. Will You Live On In the Mind of a Computer?

40. CSC 515 – Applied AI
Prof. Hans Moravec

41. CSC 515 – Applied AI
D. Origin of Information and Intelligence
Meaning of anything is connected to its origin

42. CSC 515 – Applied AI
1. What is information?
Data … information …

43. CSC 515 – Applied AI
2. What is intelligence?
Origin …

44. CSC 515 – Applied AI
Information Theory
Intelligence  Information

45. CSC 515 – Applied AI

46. CSC 515 – Applied AI
In an age of skepticism, cynicism, and false “freedoms,” Dorothy Sayers ( ) was a passionate and occasionally scathing voice of reason

47. CSC 515 – Applied AI
Proverbs