1. Carbohydrates, Lipids, & proteins
Jacqueline Velasquez

2. Examples of organic compounds:
Organic molecules contain carbon but these are some exception…
Amino acids: H
H O
N C C
H H H
glucose
ribose

3. Organic compounds
There are 3 fatty acids used with glycerol to make a….
triglyceride

4. hydrolysis breaks bonds and water is splitting in the process
Condensation:
Hydrolysis:
hydrolysis breaks bonds and water is splitting in the process
Catabolic reactions break down molecules
Water is being released and bonds are being created.
Anabolic reactions build molecules

5. Amino acids: Amino acids: H H O N C C H H H Amine group Carboxyl group
Monomers of proteins
two amino acids are dipeptides
more than two is a polypeptide

6. Condensation of amino acids:
The peptide bond made involves nitrogen, done after condensation
Amino acids: H
H O
N C C
H OH H
Amino acids: H
H O
N C C
H OH H
condensation
Water released
Amino acids: H
H O
N C C
H H
Amino acids: H
H O
N C C
H H
+ H2O
Peptide bond

7. Hydrolysis of dipeptides:
Amino acids: H
H O
N C C
H H
Amino acids: H
H O
N C C
H H
+ H2O
Peptide bond H
H O
N C C
H O H H H
H O
N C C
H OH H
dipeptide
Water splits

8. Condensation
Glucose glucose = maltose water
Glycosidic bond

9. Monosaccharide, polysaccharides, disaccharides
ANIMALS: Monosaccharide are easily absorbed, and releases fast for respiration (monomer for polysacchrides) Ex: glucose, glactose Polysaccharides are insoluble molecules, sugar converted to insulin for storage in liver Ex: lactose, maltose Disaccharides are digested fast into monosaccharide. Ex: glycogen
PLANTS:
Monosaccharide are easily absorbed, and releases fast for respiration
Ex: fructose
Polysaccharides are insoluble, & it makes cell wall
Ex: cellulose
Disaccharide soluble, unreactive,can be transported around plant through phloem
Ex: sucrose

10. Condensation & hydrolysis:
Monomer Dimer Polymer
𝐻 2 𝑂
𝐻 2 𝑂
𝐻 2 𝑂
𝐻 2 𝑂
Left arrows: hydrolysis
Right arrows: condensation
Proteins:
amino acid dipeptide polypeptide
Carbohydrates:
Monosaccharide disaccharide polysaccharide

11. Triglycerides in condensation

12. comparisons: Fats: Proteins: Carbohydrates: used for storage
Energy released slowly and oxygen needed
Carbohydrates:
Quickly digested
Stored as fat
Fast energy release
Less oxygen
Proteins:
Digested quickly
Used in muscle

13. Lipids
Functions:
Energy storage- oils in plants & fish, fats in animals
Protection- the fat acts as shock absorber
Buoyancy- less dense than water helps in floating
Solvent- dissolves in some vitamin
Thermal insulation- fat insulated to keep heat from being released
plasma membrane- cholesterol, phospholipid bilayer