1. Gymnosperms

2. Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants
Gymnosperms
Cycads
Ginko
Conifers
Angiosperms

3. Seeds and their advantages
1) Seed plants don’t depend on water to reproduce
Pollen (develops into sperm) carried by wind/animals
Seed hardens around zygote
2) Embryo has…
Nourishment: Nutrients inside feed embryo
Protection: Hard shell
3) Allow dispersal
Carried by wind, water, animals
Some seeds are “dispersed” by animals
Some seeds have “wings”

4. Seeds and their advantages
1) Seed plants don’t depend on water to reproduce
Pollen (develops into sperm) carried by wind/animals
Seed hardens around zygote
2) Embryo has…
Nourishment: Nutrients inside feed embryo
Protection: Hard shell
3) Allow dispersal
Carried by wind, water, animals

5. Seeds and their advantages
1) Seed plants don’t depend on water to reproduce
Pollen (develops into sperm) carried by wind/animals
Seed hardens around zygote
2) Embryo has…
Nourishment: Nutrients inside feed embryo
Protection: Hard shell
3) Allow dispersal
Carried by wind, water, animals

6. Group 3: Seed producing, Vascular Plants
Type 1: Gymnosperms
Conifers have needle-like leaves (reduces water loss)
Common to lumber industry
Seeds enclosed in cones
Male cones: produce pollen (pollen cone)
Female cones: produce eggs (seed cone)
Seed hardens around zygote (protected inside cones)
Ex: Evergreen, Pine, Redwood, Cedar

7. Conifer Life Cycle . Sporophyte phase (dominant) Cones grow on tree
Male cones
Spores created by meiosis & released
Spores develop into pollen (male gametophyte)
Female cones
Spores created by meiosis
Spores develop into female gametophyte
Egg forms inside
Male pollen lands on female scale
Pollen tube grows towards egg
Sperm travel down pollen tube
Fertilize egg
Ovule hardens into seed
Seed released & grows into new sporophyte . p
seed Z e

8. Conifer Life Cycle Sporophyte phase (dominant) Cones grow on tree
Male cones
Spores created by meiosis & released
Spores develop into pollen (male gametophyte)
Female cones
Spores created by meiosis
Spores develop into female gametophyte
Egg forms inside
Male pollen lands on female scale
Pollen tube grows towards egg
Sperm travel down pollen tube
Fertilize egg
Ovule hardens into seed
Seed released & grows into new sporophyte

9. 1) Male and female seed cones grow on adult sporophytes

10. 2) Pollen grains released from the male seed cones
2) Pollen grains released from the male seed cones -- Pollen is the male gametophyte
Let’s zoom into the female seed cone…

11. 3) Pollen grain sticks to the female ovule
4) Pollen tube grows from the male spore
5) Two sperm travel towards the egg - only one sperm fertilizes the egg
6) Diploid embryo develops inside female cone (sporophyte stage restarts)

12. 7) After seeds harden, the cone reopens and the seeds are released

13. 8) Seed will land
Ground

14. 9) Seedling grows into (sporophyte)…the cycle repeats
Ground

15. Conifer Life Cycle Diagram

16. Plant Life Cycle Comparisons
Plant type
Gametophyte
Sporophyte
Dominant Phase?
Seedless nonvascular
(Moss)
More familiar, carpet-like plant that produces specialized gametes
XX - Archegonium
XY – Antheridium
Stalk with cup at tip, which is where spores are produced.
GAMETOPHYTE
Seedless vascular
(Fern)
Haploid plant body (prothallus) is size of a finger nail, produces both male and female parts
More familiar, leafy plant with clusters of spore producing sacs (sori)
SPOROPHYTE
Seeded vascular
Gymnosperm
(Conifer)
Pollen grains are male gametophytes develpe into sperm, female gameotphytes are microscopic produce eggs
More familiar- like pine trees, produces male and female cones that produce spores

17. Review Name three advantages of seeds.
Which structure will protect gymnosperm seeds?
What do male cones produce?
What do female cones produce?
What is created when the sperm and egg fuse: sporophyte or gametophyte?
What is the male gametophyte? Female?
What is it called when pollen reaches the female ovule? What is created?