The Male Reproductive System and STDs

The Male Reproductive System and STDs
15 The Male Reproductive System and STDs

Multimedia Directory Slide 17 Sperm Animation
Slide 24 Spermatogenesis Animation Slide 30 Male Pelvis Animation Slide 38 AIDS Video Slide 46 Erectile Dysfunction Video Slide 49 Gonorrhea Video Slide 66 Circumcision Video Slide 85 Vasectomy Video

Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Define and spell the word parts used to create terms for the male reproductive system Identify the major organs of the male reproductive system and describe their structure and function

Learning Objectives (cont.)
After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Break down and define common medical terms used for symptoms, diseases, disorders, procedures, treatments, and devices associated with the male reproductive system Build medical terms from the word parts associated with the male reproductive system

Learning Objectives (cont.)
After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Pronounce and spell common medical terms associated with the male reproductive system Describe the major sexually transmitted diseases that affect human populations

The Male Reproductive System
Produces the sex cells, or gametes, called spermatozoa, or sperm cells Sustains and transports the sperm cells Secretes the hormone testosterone Regulates sperm cell production and the expression of secondary sexual characteristics

Prefixes a-, an- = without, absence of
trans- = through, across, beyond

Combining Forms andr/o = male balan/o = glans penis carcin/o = cancer
crypt/o = hidden

Combining Forms (cont.)
cyst/o = sac, bladder epididym/o = epididymis hydr/o = water lith/o = stone

olig/o = few in number orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o = testis, testicle pen/o = penis perine/o = perineum proct/o = rectum, anus

prostat/o = prostate gland rect/o = straight, erect, rectum semin/o = seed, sperm sperm/o, spermat/o = seed, sperm

test/o, testicul/o = testis, testicle therm/o = heat varic/o = dilated vein vas/o = vessel, duct vesicul/o = vesicle, seminal vesicle zo/o = animal

Suffixes -ar = pertaining to -cele = hernia, swelling, protrusion
-ile = pertaining to -ism = condition or disease -lysis = to loosen, dissolve

Suffixes (cont.) -pexy = surgical fixation, suspension
-plasia = shape, formation -rrhea = discharge (of fluid) -spermia = condition of sperm -therapy = treatment

Anatomy and Physiology
Coitus—sexual intercourse Ejaculation—release of sperm cells Testes—primary organs of male reproductive system

Anatomy and Physiology (cont.)
Organs that transport sperm Epididymis Vas deferens Urethra Glands that provide supportive secretions Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands

Sperm Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on sperm.
The animation may take a moment before playing. Back to Directory

Figure 15.1: Male reproductive organs

The Testes Produce sperm cells Scrotum
A skin-covered sac that contains the testes Has a cooler temperature than pelvic cavity; more favorable to sperm development

Figure 15.2: The testis NOTE: View highlighted area on next slide

Figure 15.2 (continued): The testis NOTE: View highlighted area on next slide

Figure 15.2 (continued): The testis

Male Tubules Each testis
Seminiferous tubules—about 900 small, tightly coiled tubules Sites of sperm cell production Spermatogenesis—Process of sperm cell production Interstitial cells—Clusters of cells between the seminiferous tubules that produce testosterone

Spermatogenesis Animation
Click on the screenshot to view an animation on spermatogenesis. Back to Directory

Male Tubules (cont.) Epididymis—coiled tubule attached to posterior side of testis Vas deferens Thick-walled tubule forms peristaltic waves to push sperm along their route Also known as the ductus deferens or seminal duct

Male Tubules (cont.) Seminal vesicles—pair of glands through which vas deferens passes Ejaculatory duct Urethra Final tubule that extends from bladder to urinary meatus Passes through prostate gland Receives secretions from bulbourethral glands at base of penis

Figure 15.3: Sagittal section through male pelvis

Male External Genitals
Scrotum and penis Glans penis—distal end of penis Prepuce—foreskin, or fold of skin that covers most or all of glans penis

Figure 15.4: The penis

The animation may take a moment before playing.
Male Pelvis Animation Click on the screenshot to view an animation on anatomy of the male pelvis. The animation may take a moment before playing. Back to Directory

Word Roots epididym = epididymis pen = penis prostat = prostate gland
semin = seed, sperm

Word Roots (cont.) sperm, spermat = seed, sperm
test = testis, testicle vas = vessel, duct vesicul = vesicle

Symptoms and Signs Aspermia Azoospermia
Inability to produce or ejaculate sperm A symptom of male infertility Azoospermia Absence of living sperm in semen A sign of male infertility

Symptoms and Signs (cont.)
Balanorrhea Discharge or leakage of fluid from glans penis Chancres Small ulcers on the skin A symptom of the STD syphilis Oligospermia Abnormally low sperm count A sign of male infertility

Papillomas Wart-like lesions on the skin and mucous membranes Commonly known as genital warts Proctitis Inflammation of the rectal area A symptom of the STDs chlamydia and trichomoniasis

Prostatorrhea Abnormal discharge from the prostate gland Urethritis Inflammation of the urethra A symptom of the STDs chlamydia and trichomoniasis

Diseases and Disorders
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Syndrome caused by HIV infection, mainly through exchange of body fluids during sex or by use of contaminated IV needles Abbreviated AIDS Andropathy Diseases that afflict only males Anorchism Absence of one or both testes

AIDS Video Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of AIDS. The video may take a moment before playing. Back to Directory

Diseases and Disorders (cont.)
Balanitis Inflammation of the glans penis Benign prostatic hyperplasia Nonmalignant, excessive growth of the prostate gland Symptoms—nocturia, urinary retention, frequent need to void Also called benign prostatic hypertrophy Abbreviated BPH

Figure 15.5: Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Chlamydia The most common bacteria-caused STD in North America Symptoms include urethritis proctitis inflammation of the eye’s conjunctiva

Cryptorchidism Condition of an undescended testis Also called cryptorchism Epididymitis Inflammation of the epididymis

Figure 15.6: Cryptorchidism

Figure 15.6 (continued): Cryptorchidism

Erectile dysfunction Inability to achieve or maintain an erection Also called impotency Abbreviated ED

Erectile Dysfunction Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of erectile dysfunction. Back to Directory

Genital herpes Most common viral STD in North America Characterized by periodic outbreaks of ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucous membranes

Gonorrhea STD infection that produces ulcer-like lesions on the mucous membranes and skin of the genital region Characterized by urethral discharge

Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of gonorrhea.
Gonorrhea Video Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of gonorrhea. Back to Directory

Hepatitis B Viral STD Causes inflammation of liver Transmitted through any body fluid

Human papilloma virus Viral STD that causes wart-like lesions on the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals Abbreviated HPV Hydrocele Swelling of the scrotum caused by fluid accumulation

Impotent Erectile dysfunction Orchiepididymitis Inflammation of the testis and epididymis Orchitis Inflammation of the testis Also known as orchiditis or testitis

Peyronie’s disease Hardness of erectile tissue within the penis, which can cause erectile dysfunction Results in a curvature of the penis if the hardness is asymmetric

Phimosis Congenital narrowing of the prepuce opening that prevents it from being drawn back over the glans penis Can be corrected with circumcision

Priapism An abnormally persistent erection of the penis, often accompanied by pain and tenderness Usually caused by drug overdose Prostate cancer Cancer of the prostate gland Often highly invasive and metastatic

Figure 15.7: Prostate cancer

Prostatitis Inflammation of the prostate gland Prostatocystitis Inflammation of the prostate gland and urinary bladder

Prostatolith Stone in a duct of the prostate gland Prostatovesiculitis Inflammation of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles

Spermatolysis Destruction of sperm by dissolution Syphilis STD caused by a bacterium called a spirochete Transmitted by direct sexual contact Red, painless papules erode to form small ulcers known as chancres

Testicular carcinoma Cancer that originates from a testis Occurs most often among 20- to 29-year-olds Most common form is called seminoma

Testicular torsion Twisted spermatic cord reduces blood flow to testis If not corrected immediately, the affected testis can be lost

Figure 15.8: Testicular torsion

Trichomoniasis STD caused by the protozoan Trichomonas Infects the urethra and prostate gland, causing urethritis and prostatitis Varicocele Abnormal dilation of veins of the spermatic cord Caused by failure of the valves within the veins

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices
Artificial insemination Procedure in which semen is introduced into the female reproductive tract using a method other than coitus Balanoplasty Surgical repair of the glans penis Circumcision Surgical removal of the prepuce

Figure 15.9: Circumcision

Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of circumcision.
Circumcision Video Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of circumcision. Back to Directory

Treatments, Procedures, and Devices (cont.)
Digital rectal examination Physical examination to feel the size and shape of the prostate gland through the wall of the rectum Abbreviated DRE

Figure 15.10: Digital rectal exam

Epididymectomy Surgical excision of the epididymis Hydrocelectomy Surgical excision of a hydrocele

Orchidectomy Excison of a testis, usually as a treatment for testicular cancer Also called orchiectomy A bilateral orchidectomy is commonly called castration Orchidopexy Surgical fixation of a testis, which draws an undescended testis into the scrotum

Orchidotomy Incision into a testis Also called orchiotomy Orchioplasty Surgical repair of a testis Penile implant Surgical implantation of a penile prosthesis to correct for erectile dysfunction

Figure 15.11: Penile implants

Figure 15.11 (continued): Penile implants

Prostatectomy Excision of a prostate gland to treat prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia Prostate-specific antigen Clinical test that measures blood levels of the protein prostate-specific antigen Abbreviated PSA

Prostatocystotomy Incision into the prostate gland and urinary bladder Prostatolithotomy Incision into the prostate gland to remove a stone Prostatovesiculectomy Excision of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles

Sterilization Any process that renders an individual unable to produce offspring Transrectal ultrasound Placement of an ultrasound probe into the rectum Used to visualize, diagnose, and help treat prostate cancer

Transurethral incision of the prostate gland Surgical procedure that widens the urethra as a treatment for BPH Abbreviated TUIP Transurethral microwave thermotherapy Therapeutic treatment using microwave heat to destroy excess cells that typify BPH Abbreviated TUMT

Transurethral resection of the prostate gland Surgery to treat BPH when the urethra is obstructed A more complete option than TUIP Abbreviated TURP

Urology Field of medicine that focuses on the treatment of male reproductive diseases Vasectomy Partial excision of the vas deferens Causes male sterilization

Figure 15.12: Vasectomy

Figure 15.12 (continued): Vasectomy

Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of vasectomy.
Vasectomy Video Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of vasectomy. Back to Directory

Vasovasostomy Surgery to restore fertility Vesiculectomy Excision of the seminal vesicles

Pharmaceuticals Androgens Antiprostatics Antivirals
Corticosteroid creams Erectile dysfunction agents Spermatocides

Abbreviations AIDS BPH DRE ED HBV

Abbreviations (cont.) HIV HPV HSV-2 PSA

Abbreviations (cont.) STD TUIP TUMT TURP

Classroom Response System
Pretest

What does the combining form andr/o mean?
female male breast steroid

azospermia prostatorrhea oligospermia aspermia
Which of the following means an abnormally low sperm count and is the most common sign of male infertility? azospermia prostatorrhea oligospermia aspermia

Which of the following means an abnormally persistent erection of the penis?
priapism hydrocele phimosis erectile dysfunction

vasovasostomy vesiculectomy circumcision vasectomy
A male is considered sterile, or unable to produce and ejaculate sperm, when he has which of the following? vasovasostomy vesiculectomy circumcision vasectomy

Which of the following is a yeast-like fungus that can be transmitted sexually?
candidiasis gonorrhea chlamydia syphilis

Which of the following is a small ulcer on the skin as a symptom of syphilis?
chancre papilloma prostatorrhea penocele

Classroom Response System
Post-test

hepatitis B genital herpes human papillomavirus gonorrhea
Which of the following is an STD that is very common in the human population and has been shown to create an increased risk of cervical cancer? hepatitis B genital herpes human papillomavirus gonorrhea

Which of the following is the surgical removal of the testis?
orchidectomy orchidoplasty hydrocelectomy orchidopexy

phimosis impotence hydrocele pydrophimosis
Which of the following is a swelling of the scrotum caused by fluid accumulation, most frequently from injury? phimosis impotence hydrocele pydrophimosis

Which of the following is the absence of living sperm in semen?
oligospermia azoospermia aspermia oligospermalgia

Which of the following is the condition of an undescended testis?
balanitis epididymitis cryptorchidism orchitis

Surgical repair of the glans penis is called:
balanitis circumcision balanoplasty orchidopexy

Transurethral resection of the prostate gland is abbreviated:
TURP TURPG TUIP TUMT

The Male Reproductive System and STDs

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