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Published byCharles Cooper Modified over 6 years ago
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Chapter 5: Threads Overview Multithreading Models Threading Issues
Pthreads Solaris 2 Threads Windows 2000 Threads Linux Threads Java Threads Operating System Concepts
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Single and Multithreaded Processes
Operating System Concepts
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Threading Thread is lightweight, process is heavyweight.
Eg. Web browser, word processor Server can serve multiple request easily in multithreading env. Operating system kernel is also multithreaded to perform specific task such as interrupt handling, managing device Eg. Solaris create multithread for interrupt handling, linux uses kernel thread for managing free memory. Operating System Concepts
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Benefits Responsiveness Resource Sharing Economy
Utilization of MP Architectures Operating System Concepts
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User Threads Thread management done by user-level threads library
Examples - POSIX Pthreads - Mach C-threads - Solaris threads Operating System Concepts
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Kernel Threads Supported by the Kernel Examples
- Windows 95/98/NT/2000 - Solaris - Tru64 UNIX - BeOS - Linux Operating System Concepts
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Multithreading Models
Many-to-One One-to-One Many-to-Many Operating System Concepts
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Many-to-One Many user-level threads mapped to single kernel thread.
Used on systems that do not support kernel threads. Eg. Green thread in solaris, GNU Portable thread Operating System Concepts
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Many-to-One Model Operating System Concepts
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One-to-One Each user-level thread maps to kernel thread. Examples
- Windows 95/98/NT/2000 - OS/2 Operating System Concepts
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One-to-one Model Operating System Concepts
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Many-to-Many Model Allows many user level threads to be mapped to many kernel threads. Allows the operating system to create a sufficient number of kernel threads. Solaris 2 Windows NT/2000 with the ThreadFiber package Operating System Concepts
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Many-to-Many Model Operating System Concepts
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Thread Libraries Thread library provides programmer with API for creating and managing threads Two primary ways of implementing Library entirely in user space Kernel-level library supported by the OS Operating System Concepts
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Threading Issues Semantics of fork()and exec()system calls
Thread cancellation of target thread Asynchronous or deferred Signal handling Signal is used to notify a process that particular event has occurred. Synchronous signal Asynchronous Signal Signal is handled by handler Thread pools Thread-specific data Scheduler activations data structure between user thread and kernel thread lightweight processor Operating System Concepts
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Solaris Process Operating System Concepts
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Windows 2000 Threads Implements the one-to-one mapping.
Each thread contains - a thread id - register set - separate user and kernel stacks - private data storage area Operating System Concepts
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Linux Threads Linux refers to them as tasks rather than threads.
Thread creation is done through clone() system call. Clone() allows a child task to share the address space of the parent task (process) CLONE_FS,CLONE_VM,CLONE_SIGHAND,CLONE_FILES Operating System Concepts
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Java Threads Java threads may be created by:
Extending Thread class Implementing the Runnable interface Java threads are managed by the JVM. Operating System Concepts
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Java Thread States Operating System Concepts
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