1. How can 2011 experience help 2017 response?

6. Key Issues Crisis not caused by drought alone.
Government has problems in effectively managing response.
Lack of strategic and coherent International Agency planning processes
Individual sector coordination varied quality.
Marginalisation of civil society and communities from decision making.
Disconnect between Nairobi and Field.
Weak links between Development, emergency and resilience.

7. Early Warning And Early Action
2011 “CNN” effect. Response started in earnest in May 2011.
2017 Response started earlier.
WHAT NEXT
Early Response at Scale

9. Response at Scale.
Takes time to reach full scale.
Not responding at scale causes missed opportunities during crisis and overshoot of response. Spending at wrong time and highly inefficient.
Numbers in need in January likely to be at least double at end of year.
2011 LR were good and numbers still tripled by October 2011
Need to plan for projected figures at peak of the crisis.

10. Food Security Actual and Predicted 2011
Predictions are not perfect. In 2011 things changed a lot over time. Despite good Long Rains situation still worse than expected in October 2011.

11. 2017 drought related emergency is one of a long line fo emergecnies arguably worse or better than the 2017 is looking to be.
Lesson learnt in 2011 is that trateing each crisis as sepearte from the overall picture of multiple crisis does not work. Need a systemic and strategic approach = EDE

12. Inter-Agency Strategic Planning
2011 provoked pivotal shift in the way HA works in Kenya first large scale opportunity to demonstrate impact and to implement changes.
Linking Humanitarian and Development through Resilience. Longer term, systemic and strategic view of how present response connects to longer term Resilience and Development objectives?

13. ENDING DROUGHT EMERGENCIES.
Droughts can be predicted and managed and should never evolve into emergencies.
“…main thrust will be to create a more conducive environment for building resilience to drought environment for building resilience to drought by investing in the essential foundations for development, such as infrastructure, human capital and security while at the same time strengthening the link between relief, recovery and development through long term planning.”
How are long term plans such as the EDE influencing the response and how is the response linking to long term plans?
Programming Framework to End Drought Emergencies in he Horn of Africa – Kenya Country Programme Paper Aug

14. Ending Drought Emergencies.
Humanitarian Assistance
Over-reliance on relief assistance, particularly food aid,
Reactive, crisis management approach,
Late response
Lack of drought contingency funds
Failure to link relief operations adequately to recovery and development.
Assuming early is already dealt with.
How much are other observations being taken into account? How much are activities in present response plan adapted from lessons learnt in response in 2011 and 2014 and lessons learnt through resilience programming e.g. community based DRR plans?
Programming Framework to End Drought Emergencies in he Horn of Africa – Kenya Country Programme Paper Aug

15. Development Resilience Emergency
Development and resilience does not stop because emergency response is happening. How can emergency response protect , reinforce and contribute to resilience and development response and vice versa?

16. Emergency
Resilience
Development ? ?

17. How to Link Relief, Resilience and Development
Not stop start or off and on.
Phased up and down according to capacities, risks and vulnerabilities.
Which areas/communities need what and when.
How does existing resilience/development programme link to emergency programme?
Are contingency and response plans off and on or phased up and down?
Are response activities reinforcing longer term resilience and development objectives?

18. Emergency is not just a FS and Nutrition related activity
Emergency is not just a FS and Nutrition related activity. Each map and each progression of the situation is influenced by a wide variety of factors and deprivations. The nutrition map shows a completely different type of crisis than the FS map and the same would be true if we mapped Health or Child protection crisis indicators. Therefore, response to protect livelihoods, reduce mortality etc needs to multisectoral and adapted to the needs of the communities. As opposed to addressing only FS or Nutrition needs.

19. Lesson Learnt
Crisis is not just related to the last 2 seasons and their impact on FS and Nutrition, includes long term vulnerability, connectedness short term impacts of conflict etc. Livelihood assets.
A drought crisis is not a simple linear process from FS through undernutrition to mortality.
Underlying vulnerability is a key driver of speed of change and influence on how FS shocks and other shocks cause degradation of livelihoods.
i.e. Do not just look at FS and Nutrition maps or predictive maps to plan. Need joint cross sectoral needs and response analysis. Include socio-political analysis.
Need cross sectoral response

20. Protecting livelihoods and their resilience is not just a FS or nutrition issue. Studies have shown that Human capital and social capital are very important. These are precisely the areas that UNICEF concentrates on.

21. Summary: Capacities Shown to Support Recovery
Social capital
Bonding social capital
Bridging social capital
Economic sources of resilience capacity
Asset ownership
Access to financial resources (savings and credit)
Safety nets
Informal safety nets
Formal safety nets (including hazard insurance)
Other
Access to communal natural resources
Presence of a civic group
TANGO Borana study on resilience in Borana, Ethiopia during 2015/16.

22. Women
How are responses taking into account their impact on women.

23. Appropriate? EDD – Early and appropriate response to emerging drought.
The traditionally resilient livelihoods practised by ASAL communities are being undermined by multiple challenges, leaving people increasingly vulnerable to risk,
Local communities should be empowered and integrally involved in the planning and development of ASAL areas.
ASAL communities are not homogenous and have different needs and entitlements.
Programming Framework to End Drought Emergencies in he Horn of Africa – Kenya Country Programme Paper Aug

24. Government Lead
2011 increase in technical expertise focused on increasing individual international agency capacity. Technical assistance outside –in.
Technical assistance needs to shift to inside-out. Support to increase Government capacity to provide technical expertise to response
Focus on decision making as close to response as possible. County and sub-county.

25. Accountability, Coordination & Connectedness
Many non-traditional and national groups were marginalized within coordination and response mechanisms.(religious, CBOs)
Represent communities and often have more nuanced and appropriate understanding of needs and response options.
Nairobi disconnect.
Coordination, planning and decision making as close to field as possible.
Inclusion of community and community based actors in analysis, planning and decision making. (e.g. Previous Resilience and DRR work already prepared detailed community level response plans.)

26. REGIONAL ROLE

27. Crisis is regional Causes and effects regional and cross border.
Refugees
Pastoralists
Conflict
Water access (livestock, humans and commercial uses esp Shabelle and Juba rivers).
Pasture access (Karamoja, Hawd)
Response will be regional and cross border incl.
Supplies crossing borders,
Regional stockpiles
Information and data (regional and cross border essential for country planning and response

28. Key Regional RTE Findings

29. Key Regional RTE Recommendations
Formalize …. multi-stakeholder regional meeting into a regular forum to provide a strategic framework and guidance on cross border (refuges, humanitarian access) issues and regional issues (donor engagement and overview of response).
Within the region greater engagement by humanitarian agencies with regional institutions and multi-lateral banks … will be required.
Use regional analysis to inform and connect country teams to ensure regional nature of crisis is included in country analysis, planning and response.

30. Needs Analysis & Scenario Planning.
RTE Recommendations.
Rapid inter-sectoral joint needs analysis
Use Crisis Calendar approach to be proactive and forward looking.
Constant updates needed in a highly changeable environment (Causes and outcomes/impacts). Not just SRA and LRA assessments.
Link to DRR and resilience community planning processes.