1. Chapter 12: Services
Activities that fulfill a human need or want in exchange for money or goods

2. Service Industry Basics
Tertiary industries from Chapter 9
Service industries near settlements
People need services (close to market)
Where services are located within a settlement can be very complex
Location, location, location
Bigger the city, the more services offered
Wausau vs. Lakeland area
Connections are often created by services offered
Local diversity & globalization forces

3. Where did Services Originate?
Chapter 12: Services Key Issue 1

4. Three Types of Services
Consumer Services – for consumers who can pay
About 44% of all US jobs
Retail & Wholesale services
Education services – teachers, administrators
Public teachers are often included with public services
Health services – doctors, nurses, etc.
Leisure & Hospitality services – hotel & restaurant

5. Three Types of Services
Business Services – help other businesses
About 24% of all US jobs
Professional – law, accounting, engineering, etc.
Financial (FIRE)
Transportation & Information – trucking, newspaper, electric, etc.
Public Services
About 17% of all US Jobs
Work for federal, state, & local governments

6. Changes in Employment
From 1972 – 2009 all growth in service industries
Consumer services have gone up, especially in healthcare
Recession has influenced job growth in service industries

7. Services in Early Rural Settlements
Early Consumer Services
Religion is likely the first consumer services
Burying and respecting dead
House-hold based services
Men left women home
Likely first manufacturing centers: tools, clothing, shelter, etc.
Early Public Services
Political leaders and soldiers
Early Business Services
Regulating business deals

8. Services in Early Urban Settlements
4 hearths of civilization: Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, Indus River Valley
Urban life either diffused from Mesopotamia or originated in each of the 4 hearths
Early Urban Settlements
Ur (Mesopotamia) – home of Abraham
Titris Höyük (present-day Turkey)
Planned out city with specific areas
Ancient Athens
City-states – self-governing cities
Beginnings of distinction between rural & urban life
Likely population of over 100,000
Other major cities
Knossos, Troy, Mycenae

9. Services in Early Urban Settlements
Ancient Rome
Roman empire encouraged urbanization: roads, aqueducts, military, and public services
At least 250,000 inhabitants
Fall of Rome = stall in urban settlements
Medieval Cities
Feudal lords often exchange land for military service
Walls protected cities & city dwellers